A Study of IKEA’s Product Design and Pricing Strategy Essay

IKEA’s competitive priority is based on producing quality products at a low price. This concept is exemplified in its’ corporate mantra † price with meaning†. This is achieved by creating inexpensive products without making its customers feel cheap. This manta is followed from design to the customer’s home. 2. Describe IKEA’s process for developing a new product? IKEA starts the process by picking what the new product will cost. This will help to determine color, materials used, and design. Next they choose a manufacturer using their network of manufactures. They do this by determining which manufacturer can most efficiently produce the new product. Next they design the product, keeping in mind efficiency, ie. Packaging, shipping ect. Every inch of the product is reviewed in order to maximize their ability to manufacture, ship and store the new product. Finally they ship it. While shipping, the key word is flat, in fact the flatter the better. From vacuum packing pillows to exclusively producing disassembled furniture, IKEA is committed to not shipping air. Lastly they must sell their new product. 3. What are additional features of the IKEA concept (beyond their design process) that contribute to creating exceptional value for the customer? The way they ship their products is clearly one of its greatest contributors to its low prices. By remaining flat, shipping only 65% full containers and by building its distribution centers near ports, railways, and highways IKEA is able to ship with great efficiency. They are able to ship the maximum amount of products, at the right time to the right stores keeping their prices 20 the 30 percent lower than their competition. 4. What would be important criteria for selecting a site for an IKEA store? IKEA stores require a large area to accommodate a large showroom, daycare and food court†¦

Industrial Relations & Collective Bargaining Essay

Elective HRM 6: Industrial Relations & Collective Bargaining 1. Industrial Relations: Historical background, Concept and approaches in IR – Stake holders of IR, Various factors influencing IR, HR approach to IR, Essentials of sound IR policy, IR Strategies, Legal frame work of IR, Community of IR. Proactive IR, Industrial conflicts, Disputes, Conflict resolution. . Trade Unions: Trade union movement and growth of TU in India, National level federations, Trade union problems, Trade union Organization, Leadership and management of Trade union, Trade Union Act 1926, Registration of trade union, Employers Association – Objectives, Origin and growth, Legal status, Problems of Trade Unions. 3. Grievances and Disciplines: Grievances, Redressal, Discipline, Standing Orders, Acts of misconduct, Show cause notice, Suspension, Enquiry procedure, Principles of natural justice, Punishments, Demotion suspension, Termination, Removal and dismissals, Conflicts – Industrial disputes –Lay off, Termination simplicitor, Retrenchment, closures, VRS. 4. Collective Bargaining: Concept, Its relevance in IR, CB as an institution, ILO perception of CB, Objectives of CB, Structure, Functions, process, negotiations, bargaining approaches & techniques, patterns of bargaining. . Settlements: Types of settlements, Wage settlement, bonus settlement, productivity settlement, VRS settlement, Union issues settlement, Reorganization settlement, Transfer, Layoff, Retrenchment and Closure settlements. 4. 4 Elective HRM 6: Industrial Relations & Collective Bargaining 1. Industrial Relations: Historical background, Concept and approaches in IR – Stake holders of IR, Various factors inf luencing IR, HR approach to IR, Essentials of sound IR policy, IR Strategies, Legal frame work of IR, Community of IR. Proactive IR, Industrial conflicts, Disputes, Conflict resolution. 2. Trade Unions: Trade union movement and growth of TU in India, National level federations, Trade union problems, Trade union Organization, Leadership and management of Trade union, Trade Union Act 1926, Registration of trade union, Employers Association – Objectives, Origin and growth, Legal status, Problems of Trade Unions. 3. Grievances and Disciplines: Grievances, Redressal, Discipline, Standing Orders, Acts of misconduct, Show cause notice, Suspension, Enquiry procedure, Principles of natural justice, Punishments, Demotion suspension, Termination, Removal and dismissals, Conflicts – Industrial disputes –Lay off, Termination simplicitor, Retrenchment, closures, VRS. 4. Collective Bargaining: Concept, Its relevance in IR, CB as an institution, ILO perception of CB, Objectives of CB, Structure, Functions, process, negotiations, bargaining approaches & techniques, patterns of bargaining. . Settlements: Types of settlements, Wage settlement, bonus settlement, productivity settlement, VRS settlement, Union issues settlement, Reorganization settlement, Transfer, Layoff, Retrenchment and Closure settlements. 4. 4 Elective HRM 6: Industrial Relations & Collective Bargaining 1. Industrial Relations: Historical background, Concept and approaches in IR – Stake holders of IR, Various factors inf luencing IR, HR approach to IR, Essentials of sound IR policy, IR Strategies, Legal frame work of IR, Community of IR. Proactive IR, Industrial conflicts, Disputes, Conflict resolution. 2. Trade Unions: Trade union movement and growth of TU in India, National level federations, Trade union problems, Trade union Organization, Leadership and management of Trade union, Trade Union Act 1926, Registration of trade union, Employers Association – Objectives, Origin and growth, Legal status, Problems of Trade Unions. 3. Grievances and Disciplines: Grievances, Redressal, Discipline, Standing Orders, Acts of misconduct, Show cause notice, Suspension, Enquiry procedure, Principles of natural justice, Punishments, Demotion suspension, Termination, Removal and dismissals, Conflicts – Industrial disputes –Lay off, Termination simplicitor, Retrenchment, closures, VRS. 4. Collective Bargaining: Concept, Its relevance in IR, CB as an institution, ILO perception of CB, Objectives of CB, Structure, Functions, process, negotiations, bargaining approaches & techniques, patterns of bargaining. . Settlements: Types of settlements, Wage settlement, bonus settlement, productivity settlement, VRS settlement, Union issues settlement, Reorganization settlement, Transfer, Layoff, Retrenchment and Closure settlements. 4. 4 Elective HRM 6: Industrial Relations & Collective Bargaining 1. Industrial Relations: Historical background, Concept and approaches in IR – Stake holders of IR, Various factors inf luencing IR, HR approach to IR, Essentials of sound IR policy, IR Strategies, Legal frame work of IR, Community of IR. Proactive IR, Industrial conflicts, Disputes, Conflict resolution. 2. Trade Unions: Trade union movement and growth of TU in India, National level federations, Trade union problems, Trade union Organization, Leadership and management of Trade union, Trade Union Act 1926, Registration of trade union, Employers Association – Objectives, Origin and growth, Legal status, Problems of Trade Unions. 3. Grievances and Disciplines: Grievances, Redressal, Discipline, Standing Orders, Acts of misconduct, Show cause notice, Suspension, Enquiry procedure, Principles of natural justice, Punishments, Demotion suspension, Termination, Removal and dismissals, Conflicts – Industrial disputes –Lay off, Termination simplicitor, Retrenchment, closures, VRS. 4. Collective Bargaining: Concept, Its relevance in IR, CB as an institution, ILO perception of CB, Objectives of CB, Structure, Functions, process, negotiations, bargaining approaches & techniques, patterns of bargaining. . Settlements: Types of settlements, Wage settlement, bonus settlement, productivity settlement, VRS settlement, Union issues settlement, Reorganization settlement, Transfer, Layoff, Retrenchment and Closure settlements. 4. 4 Elective HRM 6: Industrial Relations & Collective Bargaining 1. Industrial Relations: Historical background, Concept and approaches in IR – Stake holders of IR, Various factors inf luencing IR, HR approach to IR, Essentials of sound IR policy, IR Strategies, Legal frame work of IR, Community of IR. Proactive IR, Industrial conflicts, Disputes, Conflict resolution. 2. Trade Unions: Trade union movement and growth of TU in India, National level federations, Trade union problems, Trade union Organization, Leadership and management of Trade union, Trade Union Act 1926, Registration of trade union, Employers Association – Objectives, Origin and growth, Legal status, Problems of Trade Unions. 3. Grievances and Disciplines: Grievances, Redressal, Discipline, Standing Orders, Acts of misconduct, Show cause notice, Suspension, Enquiry procedure, Principles of natural justice, Punishments, Demotion suspension, Termination, Removal and dismissals, Conflicts – Industrial disputes –Lay off, Termination simplicitor, Retrenchment, closures, VRS. 4. Collective Bargaining: Concept, Its relevance in IR, CB as an institution, ILO perception of CB, Objectives of CB, Structure, Functions, process, negotiations, bargaining approaches & techniques, patterns of bargaining. . Settlements: Types of settlements, Wage settlement, bonus settlement, productivity settlement, VRS settlement, Union issues settlement, Reorganization settlement, Transfer, Layoff, Retrenchment and Closure settlements. 4. 4 Elective HRM 6: Industrial Relations & Collective Bargaining 1. Industrial Relations: Historical background, Concept and approaches in IR – Stake holders of IR, Various factors inf luencing IR, HR approach to IR, Essentials of sound IR policy, IR Strategies, Legal frame work of IR, Community of IR. Proactive IR, Industrial conflicts, Disputes, Conflict resolution. 2. Trade Unions: Trade union movement and growth of TU in India, National level federations, Trade union problems, Trade union Organization, Leadership and management of Trade union, Trade Union Act 1926, Registration of trade union, Employers Association – Objectives, Origin and growth, Legal status, Problems of Trade Unions. 3. Grievances and Disciplines: Grievances, Redressal, Discipline, Standing Orders, Acts of misconduct, Show cause notice, Suspension, Enquiry procedure, Principles of natural justice, Punishments, Demotion suspension, Termination, Removal and dismissals, Conflicts – Industrial disputes –Lay off, Termination simplicitor, Retrenchment, closures, VRS. 4. Collective Bargaining: Concept, Its relevance in IR, CB as an institution, ILO perception of CB, Objectives of CB, Structure, Functions, process, negotiations, bargaining approaches & techniques, patterns of bargaining. . Settlements: Types of settlements, Wage settlement, bonus settlement, productivity settlement, VRS settlement, Union issues settlement, Reorganization settlement, Transfer, Layoff, Retrenchment and Closure settlements. 4. 4 Elective HRM 6: Industrial Relations & Collective Bargaining 1. Industrial Relations: Historical background, Concept and approaches in IR – Stake holders of IR, Various factors inf luencing IR, HR approach to IR, Essentials of sound IR policy, IR Strategies, Legal frame work of IR, Community of IR. Proactive IR, Industrial conflicts, Disputes, Conflict resolution. 2. Trade Unions: Trade union movement and growth of TU in India, National level federations, Trade union problems, Trade union Organization, Leadership and management of Trade union, Trade Union Act 1926, Registration of trade union, Employers Association – Objectives, Origin and growth, Legal status, Problems of Trade Unions. 3. Grievances and Disciplines: Grievances, Redressal, Discipline, Standing Orders, Acts of misconduct, Show cause notice, Suspension, Enquiry procedure, Principles of natural justice, Punishments, Demotion suspension, Termination, Removal and dismissals, Conflicts – Industrial disputes –Lay off, Termination simplicitor, Retrenchment, closures, VRS. 4. Collective Bargaining: Concept, Its relevance in IR, CB as an institution, ILO perception of CB, Objectives of CB, Structure, Functions, process, negotiations, bargaining approaches & techniques, patterns of bargaining. . Settlements: Types of settlements, Wage settlement, bonus settlement, productivity settlement, VRS settlement, Union issues settlement, Reorganization settlement, Transfer, Layoff, Retrenchment and Closure settlements. 4. 4 Elective HRM 6: Industrial Relations & Collective Bargaining 1. Industrial Relations: Historical background, Concept and approaches in IR – Stake holders of IR, Various factors inf luencing IR, HR approach to IR, Essentials of sound IR policy, IR Strategies, Legal frame work of IR, Community of IR. Proactive IR, Industrial conflicts, Disputes, Conflict resolution. 2. Trade Unions: Trade union movement and growth of TU in India, National level federations, Trade union problems, Trade union Organization, Leadership and management of Trade union, Trade Union Act 1926, Registration of trade union, Employers Association – Objectives, Origin and growth, Legal status, Problems of Trade Unions. 3. Grievances and Disciplines: Grievances, Redressal, Discipline, Standing Orders, Acts of misconduct, Show cause notice, Suspension, Enquiry procedure, Principles of natural justice, Punishments, Demotion suspension, Termination, Removal and dismissals, Conflicts – Industrial disputes –Lay off, Termination simplicitor, Retrenchment, closures, VRS. 4. Collective Bargaining: Concept, Its relevance in IR, CB as an institution, ILO perception of CB, Objectives of CB, Structure, Functions, process, negotiations, bargaining approaches & techniques, patterns of bargaining. . Settlements: Types of settlements, Wage settlement, bonus settlement, productivity settlement, VRS settlement, Union issues settlement, Reorganization settlement, Transfer, Layoff, Retrenchment and Closure settlements. 4. 4 Elective HRM 6: Industrial Relations & Collective Bargaining 1. Industrial Relations: Historical background, Concept and approaches in IR – Stake holders of IR, Various factors inf luencing IR, HR approach to IR, Essentials of sound IR policy, IR Strategies, Legal frame work of IR, Community of IR. Proactive IR, Industrial conflicts, Disputes, Conflict resolution. 2. Trade Unions: Trade union movement and growth of TU in India, National level federations, Trade union problems, Trade union Organization, Leadership and management of Trade union, Trade Union Act 1926, Registration of trade union, Employers Association – Objectives, Origin and growth, Legal status, Problems of Trade Unions. 3. Grievances and Disciplines: Grievances, Redressal, Discipline, Standing Orders, Acts of misconduct, Show cause notice, Suspension, Enquiry procedure, Principles of natural justice, Punishments, Demotion suspension, Termination, Removal and dismissals, Conflicts – Industrial disputes –Lay off, Termination simplicitor, Retrenchment, closures, VRS. 4. Collective Bargaining: Concept, Its relevance in IR, CB as an institution, ILO perception of CB, Objectives of CB, Structure, Functions, process, negotiations, bargaining approaches & techniques, patterns of bargaining. . Settlements: Types of settlements, Wage settlement, bonus settlement, productivity settlement, VRS settlement, Union issues settlement, Reorganization settlement, Transfer, Layoff, Retrenchment and Closure settlements. 4. 4 Elective HRM 6: Industrial Relations & Collective Bargaining 1. Industrial Relations: Historical background, Concept and approaches in IR – Stake holders of IR, Various factors inf luencing IR, HR approach to IR, Essentials of sound IR policy, IR Strategies, Legal frame work of IR, Community of IR. Proactive IR, Industrial conflicts, Disputes, Conflict resolution. 2. Trade Unions: Trade union movement and growth of TU in India, National level federations, Trade union problems, Trade union Organization, Leadership and management of Trade union, Trade Union Act 1926, Registration of trade union, Employers Association – Objectives, Origin and growth, Legal status, Problems of Trade Unions. 3. Grievances and Disciplines: Grievances, Redressal, Discipline, Standing Orders, Acts of misconduct, Show cause notice, Suspension, Enquiry procedure, Principles of natural justice, Punishments, Demotion suspension, Termination, Removal and dismissals, Conflicts – Industrial disputes –Lay off, Termination simplicitor, Retrenchment, closures, VRS. 4. Collective Bargaining: Concept, Its relevance in IR, CB as an institution, ILO perception of CB, Objectives of CB, Structure, Functions, process, negotiations, bargaining approaches & techniques, patterns of bargaining. . Settlements: Types of settlements, Wage settlement, bonus settlement, productivity settlement, VRS settlement, Union issues settlement, Reorganization settlement, Transfer, Layoff, Retrenchment and Closure settlements. 4. 4 Elective HRM 6: Industrial Relations & Collective Bargaining 1. Industrial Relations: Historical background, Concept and approaches in IR – Stake holders of IR, Various factors inf luencing IR, HR approach to IR, Essentials of sound IR policy, IR Strategies, Legal frame work of IR, Community of IR. Proactive IR, Industrial conflicts, Disputes, Conflict resolution. 2. Trade Unions: Trade union movement and growth of TU in India, National level federations, Trade union problems, Trade union Organization, Leadership and management of Trade union, Trade Union Act 1926, Registration of trade union, Employers Association – Objectives, Origin and growth, Legal status, Problems of Trade Unions. 3. Grievances and Disciplines: Grievances, Redressal, Discipline, Standing Orders, Acts of misconduct, Show cause notice, Suspension, Enquiry procedure, Principles of natural justice, Punishments, Demotion suspension, Termination, Removal and dismissals, Conflicts – Industrial disputes –Lay off, Termination simplicitor, Retrenchment, closures, VRS. 4. Collective Bargaining: Concept, Its relevance in IR, CB as an institution, ILO perception of CB, Objectives of CB, Structure, Functions, process, negotiations, bargaining approaches & techniques, patterns of bargaining. . Settlements: Types of settlements, Wage settlement, bonus settlement, productivity settlement, VRS settlement, Union issues settlement, Reorganization settlement, Transfer, Layoff, Retrenchment and Closure settlements. v4. 4 Elective HRM 6: Industrial Relations & Collective Bargaining 1. Industrial Relations: Historical background, Concept and approaches in IR – Stake holders of IR, Various factors in fluencing IR, HR approach to IR, Essentials of sound IR policy, IR Strategies, Legal frame work of IR, Community of IR. Proactive IR, Industrial conflicts, Disputes, Conflict resolution. 2. Trade Unions: Trade union movement and growth of TU in India, National level federations, Trade union problems, Trade union Organization, Leadership and management of Trade union, Trade Union Act 1926, Registration of trade union, Employers Association – Objectives, Origin and growth, Legal status, Problems of Trade Unions. 3. Grievances and Disciplines: Grievances, Redressal, Discipline, Standing Orders, Acts of misconduct, Show cause notice, Suspension, Enquiry procedure, Principles of natural justice, Punishments, Demotion suspension, Termination, Removal and dismissals, Conflicts – Industrial disputes –Lay off, Termination simplicitor, Retrenchment, closures, VRS. 4. Collective Bargaining: Concept, Its relevance in IR, CB as an institution, ILO perception of CB, Objectives of CB, Structure, Functions, process, negotiations, bargaining approaches & techniques, patterns of bargaining. . Settlements: Types of settlements, Wage settlement, bonus settlement, productivity settlement, VRS settlement, Union issues settlement, Reorganization settlement, Transfer, Layoff, Retrenchment and Closure settlements. 4. 4 Elective HRM 6: Industrial Relations & Collective Bargaining 1. Industrial Relations: Historical background, Concept and approaches in IR – Stake holders of IR, Various factors inf luencing IR, HR approach to IR, Essentials of sound IR policy, IR Strategies, Legal frame work of IR, Community of IR. Proactive IR, Industrial conflicts, Disputes, Conflict resolution. 2. Trade Unions: Trade union movement and growth of TU in India, National level federations, Trade union problems, Trade union Organization, Leadership and management of Trade union, Trade Union Act 1926, Registration of trade union, Employers Association – Objectives, Origin and growth, Legal status, Problems of Trade Unions. 3. Grievances and Disciplines: Grievances, Redressal, Discipline, Standing Orders, Acts of misconduct, Show cause notice, Suspension, Enquiry procedure, Principles of natural justice, Punishments, Demotion suspension, Termination, Removal and dismissals, Conflicts – Industrial disputes –Lay off, Termination simplicitor, Retrenchment, closures, VRS. 4. Collective Bargaining: Concept, Its relevance in IR, CB as an institution, ILO perception of CB, Objectives of CB, Structure, Functions, process, negotiations, bargaining approaches & techniques, patterns of bargaining. . Settlements: Types of settlements, Wage settlement, bonus settlement, productivity settlement, VRS settlement, Union issues settlement, Reorganization settlement, Transfer, Layoff, Retrenchment and Closure settlements. 4. 4 Elective HRM 6: Industrial Relations & Collective Bargaining 1. Industrial Relations: Historical background, Concept and approaches in IR – Stake holders of IR, Various factors inf luencing IR, HR approach to IR, Essentials of sound IR policy, IR Strategies, Legal frame work of IR, Community of IR. Proactive IR, Industrial conflicts, Disputes, Conflict resolution. 2. Trade Unions: Trade union movement and growth of TU in India, National level federations, Trade union problems, Trade union Organization, Leadership and management of Trade union, Trade Union Act 1926, Registration of trade union, Employers Association – Objectives, Origin and growth, Legal status, Problems of Trade Unions. 3. Grievances and Disciplines: Grievances, Redressal, Discipline, Standing Orders, Acts of misconduct, Show cause notice, Suspension, Enquiry procedure, Principles of natural justice, Punishments, Demotion suspension, Termination, Removal and dismissals, Conflicts – Industrial disputes –Lay off, Termination simplicitor, Retrenchment, closures, VRS. 4. Collective Bargaining: Concept, Its relevance in IR, CB as an institution, ILO perception of CB, Objectives of CB, Structure, Functions, process, negotiations, bargaining approaches & techniques, patterns of bargaining. . Settlements: Types of settlements, Wage settlement, bonus settlement, productivity settlement, VRS settlement, Union issues settlement, Reorganization settlement, Transfer, Layoff, Retrenchment and Closure settlements. 4. 4 Elective HRM 6: Industrial Relations & Collective Bargaining 1. Industrial Relations: Historical background, Concept and approaches in IR – Stake holders of IR, Various factors inf luencing IR, HR approach to IR, Essentials of sound IR policy, IR Strategies, Legal frame work of IR, Community of IR. Proactive IR, Industrial conflicts, Disputes, Conflict resolution. 2. Trade Unions: Trade union movement and growth of TU in India, National level federations, Trade union problems, Trade union Organization, Leadership and management of Trade union, Trade Union Act 1926, Registration of trade union, Employers Association – Objectives, Origin and growth, Legal status, Problems of Trade Unions. 3. Grievances and Disciplines: Grievances, Redressal, Discipline, Standing Orders, Acts of misconduct, Show cause notice, Suspension, Enquiry procedure, Principles of natural justice, Punishments, Demotion suspension, Termination, Removal and dismissals, Conflicts – Industrial disputes –Lay off, Termination simplicitor, Retrenchment, closures, VRS. 4. Collective Bargaining: Concept, Its relevance in IR, CB as an institution, ILO perception of CB, Objectives of CB, Structure, Functions, process, negotiations, bargaining approaches & techniques, patterns of bargaining. . Settlements: Types of settlements, Wage settlement, bonus settlement, productivity settlement, VRS settlement, Union issues settlement, Reorganization settlement, Transfer, Layoff, Retrenchment and Closure settlements. 4. 4 Elective HRM 6: Industrial Relations & Collective Bargaining 1. Industrial Relations: Historical background, Concept and approaches in IR – Stake holders of IR, Various factors inf luencing IR, HR approach to IR, Essentials of sound IR policy, IR Strategies, Legal frame work of IR, Community of IR. Proactive IR, Industrial conflicts, Disputes, Conflict resolution. 2. Trade Unions: Trade union movement and growth of TU in India, National level federations, Trade union problems, Trade union Organization, Leadership and management of Trade union, Trade Union Act 1926, Registration of trade union, Employers Association – Objectives, Origin and growth, Legal status, Problems of Trade Unions. 3. Grievances and Disciplines: Grievances, Redressal, Discipline, Standing Orders, Acts of misconduct, Show cause notice, Suspension, Enquiry procedure, Principles of natural justice, Punishments, Demotion suspension, Termination, Removal and dismissals, Conflicts – Industrial disputes –Lay off, Termination simplicitor, Retrenchment, closures, VRS. 4. Collective Bargaining: Concept, Its relevance in IR, CB as an institution, ILO perception of CB, Objectives of CB, Structure, Functions, process, negotiations, bargaining approaches & techniques, patterns of bargaining. . Settlements: Types of settlements, Wage settlement, bonus settlement, productivity settlement, VRS settlement, Union issues settlement, Reorganization settlement, Transfer, Layoff, Retrenchment and Closure settlements. 4. 4 Elective HRM 6: Industrial Relations & Collective Bargaining 1. Industrial Relations: Historical background, Concept and approaches in IR – Stake holders of IR, Various factors inf luencing IR, HR approach to IR, Essentials of sound IR policy, IR Strategies, Legal frame work of IR, Community of IR. Proactive IR, Industrial conflicts, Disputes, Conflict resolution. 2. Trade Unions: Trade union movement and growth of TU in India, National level federations, Trade union problems, Trade union Organization, Leadership and management of Trade union, Trade Union Act 1926, Registration of trade union, Employers Association – Objectives, Origin and growth, Legal status, Problems of Trade Unions. 3. Grievances and Disciplines: Grievances, Redressal, Discipline, Standing Orders, Acts of misconduct, Show cause notice, Suspension, Enquiry procedure, Principles of natural justice, Punishments, Demotion suspension, Termination, Removal and dismissals, Conflicts – Industrial disputes –Lay off, Termination simplicitor, Retrenchment, closures, VRS. 4. Collective Bargaining: Concept, Its relevance in IR, CB as an institution, ILO perception of CB, Objectives of CB, Structure, Functions, process, negotiations, bargaining approaches & techniques, patterns of bargaining. . Settlements: Types of settlements, Wage settlement, bonus settlement, productivity settlement, VRS settlement, Union issues settlement, Reorganization settlement, Transfer, Layoff, Retrenchment and Closure settlements. 4. 4 Elective HRM 6: Industrial Relations & Collective Bargaining 1. Industrial Relations: Historical background, Concept and approaches in IR – Stake holders of IR, Various factors inf luencing IR, HR approach to IR, Essentials of sound IR policy, IR Strategies, Legal frame work of IR, Community of IR. Proactive IR, Industrial conflicts, Disputes, Conflict resolution. 2. Trade Unions: Trade union movement and growth of TU in India, National level federations, Trade union problems, Trade union Organization, Leadership and management of Trade union, Trade Union Act 1926, Registration of trade union, Employers Association – Objectives, Origin and growth, Legal status, Problems of Trade Unions. 3. Grievances and Disciplines: Grievances, Redressal, Discipline, Standing Orders, Acts of misconduct, Show cause notice, Suspension, Enquiry procedure, Principles of natural justice, Punishments, Demotion suspension, Termination, Removal and dismissals, Conflicts – Industrial disputes –Lay off, Termination simplicitor, Retrenchment, closures, VRS. 4. Collective Bargaining: Concept, Its relevance in IR, CB as an institution, ILO perception of CB, Objectives of CB, Structure, Functions, process, negotiations, bargaining approaches & techniques, patterns of bargaining. . Settlements: Types of settlements, Wage settlement, bonus settlement, productivity settlement, VRS settlement, Union issues settlement, Reorganization settlement, Transfer, Layoff, Retrenchment and Closure settlements. 4. 4 Elective HRM 6: Industrial Relations & Collective Bargaining 1. Industrial Relations: Historical background, Concept and approaches in IR – Stake holders of IR, Various factors inf luencing IR, HR approach to IR, Essentials of sound IR policy, IR Strategies, Legal frame work of IR, Community of IR. Proactive IR, Industrial conflicts, Disputes, Conflict resolution. 2. Trade Unions: Trade union movement and growth of TU in India, National level federations, Trade union problems, Trade union Organization, Leadership and management of Trade union, Trade Union Act 1926, Registration of trade union, Employers Association – Objectives, Origin and growth, Legal status, Problems of Trade Unions. 3. Grievances and Disciplines: Grievances, Redressal, Discipline, Standing Orders, Acts of misconduct, Show cause notice, Suspension, Enquiry procedure, Principles of natural justice, Punishments, Demotion suspension, Termination, Removal and dismissals, Conflicts – Industrial disputes –Lay off, Termination simplicitor, Retrenchment, closures, VRS. 4. Collective Bargaining: Concept, Its relevance in IR, CB as an institution, ILO perception of CB, Objectives of CB, Structure, Functions, process, negotiations, bargaining approaches & techniques, patterns of bargaining. . Settlements: Types of settlements, Wage settlement, bonus settlement, productivity settlement, VRS settlement, Union issues settlement, Reorganization settlement, Transfer, Layoff, Retrenchment and Closure settlements. 4. 4 Elective HRM 6: Industrial Relations & Collective Bargaining 1. Industrial Relations: Historical background, Concept and approaches in IR – Stake holders of IR, Various factors inf luencing IR, HR approach to IR, Essentials of sound IR policy, IR Strategies, Legal frame work of IR, Community of IR. Proactive IR, Industrial conflicts, Disputes, Conflict resolution. 2. Trade Unions: Trade union movement and growth of TU in India, National level federations, Trade union problems, Trade union Organization, Leadership and management of Trade union, Trade Union Act 1926, Registration of trade union, Employers Association – Objectives, Origin and growth, Legal status, Problems of Trade Unions. 3. Grievances and Disciplines: Grievances, Redressal, Discipline, Standing Orders, Acts of misconduct, Show cause notice, Suspension, Enquiry procedure, Principles of natural justice, Punishments, Demotion suspension, Termination, Removal and dismissals, Conflicts – Industrial disputes –Lay off, Termination simplicitor, Retrenchment, closures, VRS. 4. Collective Bargaining: Concept, Its relevance in IR, CB as an institution, ILO perception of CB, Objectives of CB, Structure, Functions, process, negotiations, bargaining approaches & techniques, patterns of bargaining. . Settlements: Types of settlements, Wage settlement, bonus settlement, productivity settlement, VRS settlement, Union issues settlement, Reorganization settlement, Transfer, Layoff, Retrenchment and Closure settlements. 4. 4 Elective HRM 6: Industrial Relations & Collective Bargaining 1. Industrial Relations: Historical background, Concept and approaches in IR – Stake holders of IR, Various factors inf luencing IR, HR approach to IR, Essentials of sound IR policy, IR Strategies, Legal frame work of IR, Community of IR. Proactive IR, Industrial conflicts, Disputes, Conflict resolution. 2. Trade Unions: Trade union movement and growth of TU in India, National level federations, Trade union problems, Trade union Organization, Leadership and management of Trade union, Trade Union Act 1926, Registration of trade union, Employers Association – Objectives, Origin and growth, Legal status, Problems of Trade Unions. 3. Grievances and Disciplines: Grievances, Redressal, Discipline, Standing Orders, Acts of misconduct, Show cause notice, Suspension, Enquiry procedure, Principles of natural justice, Punishments, Demotion suspension, Termination, Removal and dismissals, Conflicts – Industrial disputes –Lay off, Termination simplicitor, Retrenchment, closures, VRS. 4. Collective Bargaining: Concept, Its relevance in IR, CB as an institution, ILO perception of CB, Objectives of CB, Structure, Functions, process, negotiations, bargaining approaches & techniques, patterns of bargaining. . Settlements: Types of settlements, Wage settlement, bonus settlement, productivity settlement, VRS settlement, Union issues settlement, Reorganization settlement, Transfer, Layoff, Retrenchment and Closure settlements. 4. 4 Elective HRM 6: Industrial Relations & Collective Bargaining 1. Industrial Relations: Historical background, Concept and approaches in IR – Stake holders of IR, Various factors inf luencing IR, HR approach to IR, Essentials of sound IR policy, IR Strategies, Legal frame work of IR, Community of IR. Proactive IR, Industrial conflicts, Disputes, Conflict resolution. 2. Trade Unions: Trade union movement and growth of TU in India, National level federations, Trade union problems, Trade union Organization, Leadership and management of Trade union, Trade Union Act 1926, Registration of trade union, Employers Association – Objectives, Origin and growth, Legal status, Problems of Trade Unions. . Grievances and Disciplines: Grievances, Redressal, Discipline, Standing Orders, Acts of misconduct, Show cause notice, Suspension, Enquiry procedure, Principles of natural justice, Punishments, Demotion suspension, Termination, Removal and dismissals, Conflicts – Industrial disputes –Lay off, Termination simplicitor, Retrenchment, closures, VRS. 4. Collective

An Inspector Calls Essay Example for Free (#11)

An Inspector Calls Essay An Inspector Calls is a play that investigates the social injustice of society in England. Its author JB Priestly writes a story based on the society reigned by King Edward. In this historic period the British Empire was at its peak of world colonial power. Edwardian society, as the period was known as, was split into different class groups. You had upper class, middle class and lower class. JB Priestly rights about an Edwardian upper class family, called the Birlings and how their transgressions lead to the suicide of a poor lower class factory worker known as Eva Smith. The story begins in the Birling household where the family are celebrating the engagement of Sheila Birling and Gerald Croft. The celebrations are interrupted as the inspector appears, bringing the news of the suicide of Eva Smith. His inquiries reveal each member of the Birling household involvement in the case and the once respectable Birling family are revealed to be rather pathetic and immoral.  In reference to the essay question I shall now write about one member of the Birling family and how their character changes through out the play. Sheila Birling is the daughter of Author and Sybil Birling. It is at her engagement party with Gerald Croft, where the inspector reveals the family’s involvement in the Eva Smith suicide case. In the story Priestly portrays her as a young beautiful lady with a rather selfish and arrogant nature. Using her compelling personality she is able to obtain anything in which she desires through her father. At the beginning of the inspector’s inquiries she seems  somewhat curious about the reason for the inspector’s interference. Of course at this time she is unaware of her contribution to the incident and sits in the room with a feeling of impartial responsibility to the suicide of Eva Smith. After the inspector explains what’s happened and how Eva Smith dies she shows an empathetic side of her personality, which might have surprised the audience watching the play. She shows her remorse by describing her feelings towards the injustice of the case. The inspector interviews Author Birling first before moving on to Sheila. Author Birling insists for the inspector to leave his daughter out his inquiries, but the inspector points out to Mr Birling that he must speak to everybody in the house. The inspector unveils Sheila’s’ involvement by revealing her as the second link in a long chain of events leading to the death of Eva Smith. Edwardian upper class society was well renowned for their ability to exercise total power and control over lower class persons. Priestly shows a perfect example of this during the inspector’s questioning of Sheila. He reveals that after being sacked from Mr Birlings’ factory, Eva Smith found a knew line of work at a clothes shop where Sheila Birling was considered a valued customer. Eva Smith was soon left unemployed after being sacked again. The reason was for being better looking than Sheila in a dress which had Miss Birling’s best interest at heart. Using her social position she was able to influence the managers at the clothes shop into dismissing Eva Smith. Sheila is devastated after hearing the effect of her selfish act. The inspector shows another side to Sheila Birlings’ character, her gentle side. Perhaps Sheila can be separated from the rest of the family as she is the only one, apart from Eric who is able to accept responsibility for her action, unlike her father who a coward at heart made excuses for his actions.: Through the course of the play Sheila slowly changes from a spoilt little rich snob into a mature young lady. She begins to share the inspectors’ views on Edwardian society and brings about a few of her own views.  The purpose of Priestly writing ‘An Inspector Calls’ was to get his views about Edwardian society across England. Using the inspector he criticizes  The social order of Edwardian society. So any comment made by the inspector is a comment made by JB Priestly.  Conclusion  I have been able to successfully answer the essay question using Sheila Birling as my character to show how members of the Birling family changed. JB Priestly reveals the injustice that occurred in Edwardian society. He shows the audience that the upper class people of Edwardian society were consequently not the respectable upright citizens that their class positions would have implied. An Inspector Calls. (2017, Nov 07).

Crimes and Punishments in Saudi Arabia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Crimes and Punishments in Saudi Arabia - Essay Example To the Muslim world, Koran is cleanly a charter of the nation and recommends principles for legitimate verdict. Decision making and law making authority are practiced by the king and the council of ministers. Nonetheless, their ruling is determined by the Shari'a edict. All the other regulations are dependable to the king. In Saudi Arabia, the statutes of edict subscribe to stringent Islamic ideals. Islam as a terminology stands for "submission to God's self-control. The most towering Islamic theory is Shari'a otherwise known as a pathway; the totality of continuation as ordained by God. Every person pledging allegiance to the Islamic faith ought to carry themselves out by observing mores as established by Mohammed, who was conceived as God's prophet. Mohammed lived from 570 - 632 A.D. To most scholars, especially those from the west it's quite intricate for them to comprehend the Muslim surrender to the decrees as exemplified by Koran in their very undertaking. The edict of the land in Saudi Arabia is simply the Koran in connection to mores established by Mohammed. Shari'a is manifested in four major sources. This is documented in thousand religious verses exposed by God via Mohammed the prophet; however, from impeccable sources Sunna which represents the culture of the prophet addressed has not been documented in the Koran. Ijma known as the perceptions of the ulema as well as religious scholars and Qiyas have been channels through which jurists agree upon new authorized ideology. Saudi King is not indispensable from the decrees constructed by the Shari'a. The Saudi court is intricate, although when a verdict is requested, it is envisaged by the courtyard of petitions. The court normally has 3 members, an increase that leads to 5 members' alarms for the imposition of death or disfigurement. The ultimate authority comes from the king, who doles out as a final court of appeal and also as a source of pardon. Felonies are categorized into 3 subcategories: Hudud, Tazir and Qisas. Crimes that are prohibited by the most high god include; Hudud. Reprimanding such felonies is subject to biblical verses from the Koran. Felonies connected to Tazir are offered an appropriate clout to mete out the judgment, whereas felonies involving Qisas grant a culprit the right for retaliation. Hudud Felonies Crimes associated to Hudud include robbery, alcoholism, slander of Islam, fornication, deceitfulness. Fines, incarceration and limb cut off have been a recompense for persons found stilling. Individuals found culpable of consumption, advertising as well as retailing alcohol and inhaling of drugs, are punished by a sentence of eighty strokes of the cane. Tazir felon Felonies of Tazir are analogous to transgression felonies in America. No stipulated, but each persons is judged on a personal level with response to the severity of the crime and the remorse exhibited by the hoodlum. Qisas felony If someone is found culpable of felonies against a culprit or his folks, the hard done by family have the say-so to retaliate. The verdict is decided in clandestine by the family and the authentic chastisement is carried out in hush-hush. In the event where man slaughter has taken place, the aggrieved has the say so to execute the victim analogous to the same approach their loved one was murdered or in any system they prefer. In the event where

The Ancient Egyptians' Wall Painting Techniques Research Paper

The Ancient Egyptians' Wall Painting Techniques - Research Paper Example The research paper studies the changes in the techniques of the ancient Egyptian wall paintings. Several individuals sometimes argue that the ancient Egyptian civilization endured without necessarily undergoing much change for a period of over three thousand years. This claim is partially true because the Egyptian lifestyle changes considerably over a period. Art and craft in the ancient Egypt is far from what people understand today to be art and craft. What is referred to as the Egyptian Art was created originally for magical and religious purposes. The functions and symbols of this art reveal the beliefs of the Egyptians about the world and their effort to comprehend and relate to it. In the religious and social context of Egypt, the works of Art played a practical role whose direct physicality is not easy or simple for the modern viewer to recognize. Most of the basics of Egyptian art were established or created at the beginning of the history of Egyptians and changed little afte r that. Most of the subject matter portrayed by this art remained unchanging over several years creating a mistaken notion or a misconception that the Egyptian art remained the same virtually or similar for a period of three thousand years. Therefore the only reason that would have necessitated a fundamental change in the depictions of Egyptian artists would be an alteration in the purpose of Egyptian art. This article will discuss how the ancient Egyptians' wall painting techniques changed through time from the Old Kingdom to the New Kingdom. The paper will further outline the significances of the paintings and why the Egyptians used that technique to paint the wall. The ancient Egyptian civilization having much stability necessitated that the artistic conventions remain the same or similar for most of the Egyptian art history. However, a closer examination at various art works depicts differences in style showing those of the old, middle, and new kingdom with differences. Art was all round or surrounded entirely the ancient Egyptians. Starting from every temple and public building art down to the pharaohs and their families and ministers’ tombs, the message spreading being that of the God King and his position or place in maintaining order in the world. Starting with the earliest history, the art of the pre dynastic was popular from the funeral offerings. This art was consisted largely of the painted figurines and pottery, cosmetic palettes, carvings, and finely worked weapons (flint weapons). In painting, the monumental treatment was granted to designs such as those drawn in red on buff-colored pottery. The monopolistic figures depicting the gods curved from limestone come up towards the end of the pre dynastic period. The old kingdom period that followed the pre dynastic period or era had the reliefs and wall paintings reflecting the concept of art that served the gods of cult, the dead, and the kings. The traditional poses were combined with the id ealistic features in the royal statuary. The statuary depicted the royalty as physically strong having softened features like touch of realism in some instances. Wall spaces found in the temples and tombs started using paintings and reliefs to depict or show the daily activities in estates, workshops, and homes. The paintings and reliefs were at times executed to indicate or show the activities of birds, animals, and working groups. The raised or sunken paintings and reliefs were proportioned well and composed with extreme or fine details particularly the Saqqara tombs. El Aaal Et all (5) while analyzing the paints argues that the polychromatic decorations of the

Projections of Body Shop Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Projections of Body Shop - Essay Example Income Statement 2002(GBP) 2002(% sales) 2003(GBP) 2003(% sales) 2004(GBP) 2004(% Sales) Turnover 413.1 100 428.5 100 442.6 100 Cost of Sales 158.3 39 168.1 39.2 182.3 39.2 Gross Profit 254.8 61 260.4 60.3 260.3 58.8 Operating Expenses excluding exceptional costs 209.3 45.4 228.1 46.1 239.7 42.3 exceptional costs 0 0 0 0 0 0 restructuring costs 0 0 0 0 0 0 Net interest expense 0.9 0 1.8 1.5 2.3 1.9 Profit Before Tax 4.1 5.3 16.44 4.1 15.5 2.9 Tax Expense 10 4.2 7.8 5.7 2.1 0.88 Profit(loss) after tax 2.1 3.8 13.2 7.1 6.1 3.7 Ordinary dividends 14 5 18 4.1 11 4.1 Profit ( loss retained) 19 4.7 8.1 7.4 3.2 4.1 Income Statement 2005(GBP) 2005(% sales) 2006(GBP) 2006(% sales) Turnover 479.2 100 502.8 100 Cost of Sales 208.1 43 238.6 47.45 Gross Profit 271.1 57 264.2 52.65 Operating Expenses excluding exceptional costs 242.1 47.1 267.2 50.3 exceptional costs 0 0 0 0 restructuring costs 0 0 0 0 Net interest expense 1.1 0 0 1.8 Profit Before Tax 2.9 3.1 7.3 9.2 Tax Expense 2.7 3.1 19.1 10.7 Profit(loss) after tax 5.1 6.2 9.8 7.1 Ordinary dividends 7.3 6.8 9.9 5.1 Profit ( loss retained) 14.1 9.1 6.2 8.2 A brief analysis of the historical data reveals that Financially The Body Shop is on a sound footing financially and was so until the purchase by L'Oreal. There is a healthy growth in the Turnover averaging around 8%. The cost of sales rarely exceed 40% leaving a fairly healthy margin to work with. That margin is again reflected in the fact that the gross profit is consistently around the 60% mark. And except during a couple of years where there were exceptional costs and restructuring costs , there is a healthy profit before tax. Hence the decision to delist body Shop ( an automatic event on... Body Shop is in a unique position of not having to market itself in the conventional sense because of it’s strong customer base. It has a strong following   of loyal customers , because among others , it’s percieved social values. The political issues which it has attached itself include being 100% vegetarian and not use animal testing. Using Environmentally Friendly products and champion other social causes like AIDS. Even Anita Roddick , on her deathbed ( she died recently of Hepatitis C) was actively campaigning   A recent stockholder survey   revealed what the stock holders think.   Some of the responses were â€Å"The way that the Body Shop strives to produce open, honest and fair annual report and accounts and interim reports, and manages to send them out to shareholders reasonably promptly.† â€Å"Would not like the Body Shop to stop its social audit. In fact would like more info in audit.†Ã‚   â€Å"Asking for opinions, such as this.† â€Å"The format of the Annual Report.† â€Å"Keep the campaigning and values but improve the marketing. No more paperwork than at present.†Ã‚   â€Å"Thank you for not producing huge, glossy reports – a waste of paper and always a sign of desperation†In other words the group of people who are Body shop shareholders are from the same set of people who are it’s customers. It has a unique market which is very strong.The weaknesses which maybe exposed now , because of the the purchase of the Company by Loreal is that all key decisions and strategy were centered around Anita and Gordon Roddick.

Charater notebook Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Charater notebook - Article Example Additionally, Corie illustrates the theme of change as she seeks to change both Paul and Ethel’s preferences to conform to her own specifications. Consequently, she manages to change her mother’s view towards dating again, as the play reveals that Ethel spent the night at Victor’s house after the blind date. (Simon, 1964) After an argument with Paul, Corie manages to throw him out of the house and as a result of the alienation, Paul takes to drinking and adheres to Corie’s specifications of animproper and undignified man. The play is built on the concept of transition as each character tends to transition into new attributes after a different encounter in the play. Ethel was reserved about the blind date between her and Victor and during the blind date, Paul and Ethel sit on their chairs as Corie and Victor dance with the belly dancer. The twist in character changes sees Ethel step out of her comfort zone and spend the night with Victor on their first encounter a fete which Corie would not have anticipated. Paul decides to walk on the snow bare footed irrespective of his prior reservations stating that the snow was 17 degrees. With respect to the circumstance focused on in the play, the author illustrates the theme of change in the different acts. In act one, Corie notes Paul’s conservative attributes and states some instances where his reservations conflicted with her needs. She notes that while they were in a party, Paul kept staring at his coat instead of mingling with other people who were present.Paul is calm, reserved and dejected and only conforms to a given lifestyle due to factors derived from his career and general outlook to life. He appreciates order and is very reserved when he is in contact with new people, he comes across as a shy person but it is revealed that his line of work forces him to embrace his character. In one of their arguments, Corie states that Paul is just a

Five key factors to team effectiveness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Five key factors to team effectiveness - Essay Example This article will firstly give brief explanation of team and teamwork, and try to find out some key conditions of developing effective team through collating early literature. The focus will be in the scope of human resource management even though much research discussed team combining consideration of organizations and leadership etc. The characteristics of effective team will be assessed and continually some issues will be arisen and viewed as challenges for managers examining. Debates also arise in the parts of the autonomy and reward. Finally the conclusion will mention the required change in the managers' roles in a changing environment. A team is a group of people assigned a task or a set of tasks to accomplish and often 'granted autonomy over how to accomplish their assignment' (Baron & Kreps, 1999). Harris and Harris define teamwork as 'a work group or unit with a common purpose through which members develop mutual relationships for the achievement of goals/tasks' (Tarricone & Luca, 2002). Combining the concept of autonomy, the definition of teamwork is chosen here for providing a simple, conceptual notion to discuss work teams with various purposes and types in business environment context. Since team-working has been widely ... Study has identified effective teamwork as one of the underlying elements of businesses with high performance. In other words, successful corporations 'rely on teamwork as an essential basis for everyday operations (Tarricone & Luca, 2002).' Therefore, the characteristics of effective team-working have been drawn and listed in tremendous amount of research. The conditions included in this article are listed and discussed next. 1. Mission clarity Some studies list the mission clarity as one of the necessary conditions (Sundstorm, Meuse & Futrell, 1990; Gustafson & Kleiner, 1994; Natale, Libertella & Rothschild, 1995; Borrelli, Cable & Higgs, 1995; ) or the most important one (Davis & Scase, 2000) while discussing effective team. Mission clarity means all team members fully and clearly perceive the purpose, goal and task. Purpose is that team members need to know why they are gathered to form a team, which means team formation (Gustafson & Kleiner, 1994). Goal is the target which members need to achieve, and it includes the match of short-term objectives and long-term strategies. Task contains deciding what should be done and assigning work. 2. Rewards and recognition Rewards occur while team tasks or goals are accomplished and the achievement appeals to be significant for the team or organization. Rewards may contain praise for team success, pay, time off and promotion etc. These outcomes are 'bestowed by people other than group members', and they 'do not include any benefits derived from within the group.'(Shea & Guzzo, 1987) Recognition is that 'individual contributions to the team and team contributions to the

Organizational Behavior in Axle Color Studio Essay - 3

Organizational Behavior in Axle Color Studio - Essay Example The employees are categorized based on the roles performed in the salon. Therefore, the Axle Color Studio workforce consists of two owners namely Jackie Williams and Alex Williams, 1 manager, 1 assistant manager, 5 stylists, and 3 assistants. Further, the team also found out that the workforce was homogenous consisting of 10 women and 2 men from different backgrounds. In addition, the age limit of all the employees was between 19 and 35 years old. Secondly, our team was able to point out several issues regarding how the organization motivates the workforce in the organization. The owners of Axle Color Studio motivate the employees through various methods that include setting and monitoring goals where employees are motivated to know that they can achieve specific goals that are set in the organization, setting performance standards associated with the career path and pay rise of employees and establishment of effective communication channels. The effective communication channels motivate the employees since they can freely communicate to the management in addition to providing a platform for effective conflict resolution in the workplace. Lastly, our team found out that the organization also faces different types of conflicts like other big organization. Through the interview contacted in the organization, Alex and Jackie informed our team that the most common form of conflict in the organization is the relationship conflict. However, the owners of Axle Color Studio were quick to point out that the conflict emanated mostly from personal relationships outside the business. The other type of conflict identified was task conflict where the content of work overlaps with each other. In this case, Alex and Jackie pointed out that there were low levels of task conflict within their organization.

Benetton Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Benetton - Case Study Example As Ganesan and Krishna (2003) comments, Benetton calls its advertising and marketing activities as its communication strategy. Problems Benetton’s so called innovative communication strategy was not adequate to enhance its sales growth. Although, this advertising strategy had initially produced fruitful effects, it gradually caused dissatisfaction among customers, retailers, government bodies, and various international non-profit organizations. In most of the times, Benetton’s ‘shock value’ advertisements produced negative impacts on the public Customers did not get the opportunity to evaluate Benetton’s products since the company had not adequately advertised its products. Most of the times, company’s advertisements hurt the religious, racial, or political sentiments of different communities. Solution The company should not post advertisements that would hurt racial, political or religious sentiments. It is recommendable for the company not t o practice ‘shock value’ advertisements as its effectiveness depends on the mental perceptions of the viewers. An ultimate customer would always wish to see the company’s product collections. Therefore, the company must give great emphasis on displaying its new clothing collections.

Belonging Essay Example for Free

Belonging Essay These essential components of belonging are portrayed through the poems of Peter Skrzynecki and another additional text the film Invictus directed by Clint Eastwood about the uniting of South Africa through the efforts of Nelson Mandella. Feeling a sense of connectedness Wether this be on a physical,social,spiritual or emotional level to something or someone allows for an individual to feel a sense of gratitude and self belief. To a certain extent the groups we belong to define who we are, and an individuals perceptions are the resulting outcome of belonging. The acceptance and kinship being in association with groups may bring one would say belonging would impact ones life positively. Although he opposing side of belonging is not belonging and is as a problem many people in the world face today. This alienation may leave individuals feeling detached and isolated from all things surrounding them. There are many reasons why one may not belong these may include race,religion,culture,attitudes and beliefs as well as many others. This separation felt may severely impact an individuals life in a negative direction. The poems by Australian poet Peter Skrzynecki illustrate many examples of kinship and detachment. Many of the poems in the book Immigrant Chronicle by Skrzyecki explain his problems with feeling like an outsider stuck in limbo between his Polish culture passed down by his parents and his new Australian culture that he was exposed to everyday. In the poem â€Å"Felix Skrzynecki† Skrzynecki states â€Å"I forgot my first Polish word† this line illustrates Skrzyneckis lack of interest in his Polish Culture as he feels he doesnt belong. In the poem â€Å"Felix Skrzynecki† Skrzynecki uses alliteration in the second stanza to suggest peace and tranquillity, as his father holds his garden in high regard and Skrzynecki feels this is the only place where is father truly belongs. This allows for responders to learn that one may feel attached to something other than other people or groups. In this poem Skrzynecki also illustrates his fathers exclusion from the rest of Australia by the line â€Å"did your father ever attempt to learn English† this line shows Felix isolation as he cannot speak the language of the country he lives in. Although in stanza one the lines â€Å"Kept pace only with the Joneses Of his own minds making† suggest that Felix was not bothered by values or lifestyle choices that he did not believe in. This poem and other Skrzynecki poems further knowledge involving belonging and not belonging as they provide primary sources that identify multiple examples of the issue. Destruction,analyses and in depth essays of the poems allowed for a deeper understanding of belonging to be gained. The Film Invictus by Clint Eastwood. The story is based on the novel Playing the Enemy: Nelson Mandella and the game that Made a Nation. The film tells the story of Nelson Mandella in his first term as South African President, and the initiation of the venture to abolish the apartheid and unite the nation through the 1995 Rugby World Cup. The film illustrates many examples of not belonging due racism and prejudice behaviours shown by white south Africa. The film allows for racism to be viewed as one of the demanding reasons for isolation. Although later in the film an attitude shift is imminent and relationships are bridged between â€Å"black and white South Africans due to the efforts of Mandella. The film illustrates how film techniques such as camera shots,angles and music are used to create a sense of detachment at the start of the film but also show the uniting of South Africa in the end of the film. Invictus enhances knowledge of the issue belonging as it shows many examples not belonging at the start of the film, but with a shift in attitudes reveals many signs of belonging shown towards the end of the film. Due to the complex and abstract nature of the concept of belonging, a true sense of belonging can be found in different circumstances for different people. A sense of belonging or not belonging is thought about by every person in the world today, its what many people strive for everyday although some may never find it,whilst others have always had it. Analysis of a range of texts including the Peter Skrzynecki poems and the film Invictus delve deeply into the many different circumstances that individuals may wish to belong in. Ultimately to belong will always be something people feel they need to fulfil their needs,although a sense of belonging will vary to different people. | |

My CAS Diary †Mountain bike riding Essay Example for Free

My CAS Diary – Mountain bike riding Essay This rather splendid activity I involved myself in took place in the rural district of Yarramundi. I accompanied ‘the boys’, Ben Irwin, David Wilkinson, Jordan Willis, Jarrod Quigley, Bailey McDougle and John Wright. This group had been forged through a Tabitha elective in which I was not involved with. Despite my absence during the genesis of this group, they warmly welcomed me into their ranks, as one of their own! They went as far to facilitate me a sturdy steed of a mountain bike. The bike and I grew quite close over our two journeys, tumbling though rocks, effortlessly riding through the toughest terrain in the Yarramundi area and, on occasions, tumbling into the think bush, which enclosed our already small and treacherous riding track. I feel as if the previous sentence was not quite quintessential of the relationship I created with my exuberantly wondrous bicycle. The only way I will be able to express such feelings is through poetry, specifically that of John Dunne. The following exert has been taken from ‘A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning’: But we by a love so much refined, That ourselves know not what it is, Inter-assurà ¨d of the mind, Care less, eyes, lips and hands to miss. If they be two, they are two so As stiff twin compasses are two ; Thy soul, the fixd foot, makes no show To move, but doth, if th other do. And though it in the centre sit, Yet, when the other far doth roam, It leans, and hearkens after it, And grows erect, as that comes home. I feel as if you too can now appreciate the bond made between man and machine. A bond, which can only be made when trudging through the harshest conditions. Where life can be taken away in a blink. Where every breath may be your last. The trust needed between myself and my monster was something incomparable to anything I have experienced prior to this day. It has changed my life forever. Although, despite this, I am unsure whether or not I am thankful for this burden of sorts. You see, the bike is not mine! It is a love that I can never fully attain and this harsh reality tortures me in my mundane life; I crave for such a feeling again. My every day life is plagued by the reminded that I will never be able to reach that level of love, trust and respect for anything else in my life. However, on the other hand I am forever thankful and forever in debt of ‘the boys’ for introducing me to my machine, an instrument in which I created art with. What did I learn from this experience? Yet another mundane question I am made to answer through the unspoken covenant that rules my reflective statements. This is my silent protest to the trivialities of such a question, which insult the very memory of Her. The pen is stronger than the sword, good sir! This is my stand against the restricting rules oppressing my reflective creativity! Despite this quarrel, I will answer your question, WITH ANOTHER QUESTION! What have I NOT learnt from this wondrous experience? No answer? That is not a problem my good friend, for I am nurturing the answer in my complex and mysterious brain as I type out, with passion, these very words you’re reading. The answer is: I have learnt everything I need to learn for my journeys through Yarramundi. I have learnt love, compassion and understanding, something conventional activities could never satisfy me with. Although, above all, this glorious, some may even say life changing experience, I have gained a connection. A connection I alluded to in the above text but something that will never be able to be expressed through measly ink stains on paper! No, sir! They are of too high an order, too holy and all encompassing, too paralyzing for a mere mortal to comprehend (Although, Mrs. Menzies, I am sure you’ll be able to wrap your head around it with ease. This being because of your outstanding intelligence and other associated characteristics. Please let this reflective statement suffice for now. I swear I’ll get the rest to you soon!) As concluding words of any great piece of writing leave you speechless, so will my eloquent speech render you into a mental, paralytic state that will leave you with a feeling of contentedness for the rest of your days. Unless I know who I am and why I am here, I can not live Dostoevsky I am now alive.

Role of Ecotourism in Sustainable Development

Role of Ecotourism in Sustainable Development Nowadays in developing countries, ecotourism is used as an excellent tool for promoting sustainable development. It is very beneficial for local communities creating environmental, economic and social benefits. Ecotourism is carried out by many tourism planners and marketers nowadays. The important aspect involved in ecotourism is its proper planning and implementation. In the case of improper planning it converts all the economic gains into social and environmental disasters. Ecotourism has gained popularity developed into a worldwide phenomenon showing no signs of slowing down. Even though it is not a universal remedy for attaining sustainable development, its potential towards promoting sustainable development deserves considerable attention. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the impact of ecotourism in attaining sustainable development in Costa Rica. Ecotourism The concept of ecotourism was well identified in 1960s by Hetzer who contributed to this by identifying four principles of ecotourism. They are minimizing environmental impacts, respecting host cultures, maximizing benefits to local communities maximizing tourist satisfaction. Ecotourism is an integration of social, environmental and economical benefits meeting both human and environmental needs. One of the major causes for the evolution of ecotourism is the dissatisfaction with mass tourism creating over development, pollution and foreign investment. According to International Ecotourism Society (2004) Ecotourism is a Responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and sustains the well-being of local people. Sustainable Development The term sustainable development received international recognition in 1980s. In 1987, Bruntland commission defined sustainable development as Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of the future generations to meet their own needs. It is a combination of social, economical and environmental development. Ecotourism Sustainable Development It is nothing but sustainable tourism. In 1995 World Trade Organization stated in Agenda 21 that Sustainable tourism development meets the needs of present tourists and host regions while protecting and enhancing opportunity for the future. Sustainable tourism involves a number of principles in it. Sustainable development is not the only goal of ecotourism, but sustainable development is very important for achieving the goal of ecotourism. About Costa Rica Costa Rica which means Rich Cost is a country in South America bordered by Nicaragua in north, Panamma in south, Caribbean Sea in east and Pacific Ocean in west. The government is constitutionally democratic. It constitutionally abolished its army permanently in 1949 becoming military neutral. It was ranked first among the Americas for Environmental Performance Index in 2010. Total area 19,653 sq.m Water percentage 0.7 Population 4,253,897 GDP (nominal) $29.318 billion It contains 5% of the worlds biodiversity. Around 25% of the countrys land area is covered by protected national parks and protected areas. About 24 national parks are found in Costa Rica. The Monteverde cloud forest reserve is a home for about 2000 plant species, over 400 birds, over 100 species of mammals and numerous orchids. Growth of ecotourism in Costa Rica Costa Rica earned reputation as a premier ecotourism destination in the world also considered as ecotourisms post child. Some of the factors that influenced ecotourism in Costa Rica are pleasant climate, excellent national park, best public health care system, best public education, highest literacy rate in Latin America etc. It is also blessed with abundant natural resources such as beaches, mangroves, mountains, caves, waterfalls, volcanoes and tropical rainforests which is one of the most biologically diverse areas of the world containing 5% of entire planets biodiversity. In a short period Costa Rica has reached high level of maturity in ecotourism creating both beneficial effects and detrimental consequences on sustainable development. It is considered as a model in implementing ecotourism in many other areas. Economic impacts Globalization plays an important role in global economic decision making. As globalization and unbridled economic competition continue to dominate the global agenda, the travel agents who came up with the idea of ecotourism were now looking for new markets and not the ways to save the world. Because of this issue, many protected regions of Costa Rica are increasingly integrated into the global economy. Park entry fees and other form of revenues increase the value of protected land rather than the revenue obtained from deforestation. Ecotourism also earns foreign exchange to developing countries by bringing tourists from north ( from developed countries). A survey states that in early 1990s Costa Rica was the leading overseas ecotourism destination for U.S travellers, but only 20% of its revenue went to the local community and the remaining was paid to the tour operators, tickets on foreign owned airlines, to import products that appeal foreign tourists. A certain percentage of profits can be recycled to the local community development through legislation so that revenue leakage is reduced. In general, the employment opportunities of the people living near to ecotourism destinations is based on the tourists. In Costa Rica, people living near to Monteverde cloud forest reserve is an excellent example who have gained great economic values with this. Contrast to the previous point, Osa peninsula a ecotourism spot in Costa Rica has made its inhabitants even more poorer than before over attraction by ecotourists which created profit to outsiders. Marketing in general is used to elaborate a buisness scale. In Costa Rica in regions where outsiders dominate, marketing is used es an efficient tool by the local community to elaborate their buisness. Fake marketing is also done in some regions which is of no environmental responsibility. Since ecotourism is a seasonal activity, it can fluctuate over time to time and the local community cannot entirely depend on this for their earnings which leads to economic discomfort. Outsiders took over many regions in Costa Rica which have become distorted and the prices have increased drastically so that many Costa Ricans have been priced out of land and home ownership. Social impacts Even though the local communities are not traditionally involved in ecotourism planning and implementation, it becomes essential for them to get involved in different phases of it for their own benefits. Also the local communities are very familiar with the local resources, it makes them essential to involve in decision making. Stakeholder participation and community involvement are very important in decision making process since they have the greatest stake in the outcome of any ecotourism project. The culture of the local community plays an important role in ecotourism. For a sustainable ecotourism, cultural structures of the local community must be well understood so that the disintegration of the local communities can also be avoided. In Costa Rica, people in many rural areas did not support ecotourism instead they felt it as a threat to their cultural dynamics. Ecotourism brings many advantages to the local community if they integrate themselves with it otherwise it can lead to commofication resulting in erosion of culture and community cohesion. Ecotourism provides some employment opportunities to the local community such as hotel servicing, crafting, government agency staff, tour operators etc. In Costa Rica local community people are trained in the areas of park maintanance, habitat restoration, management etc in order to incorporate them in protected area management. Govrnment should provide some subsidies and intensives to local poor people to own a buisness. Many innovative and resposible locally owned ecotourism projects fail due to insufficient investments and their competition with large foreign companies. The goal of ecotourism is that the profits from ecotourism must be reinvested into the local community to meet their basic needs. Additional revenues are channeled into programmes which directly benefit the local people in their health and education. When people get focused to ecotourism getting support from their community, they will devote their time and energy to it, understanting that the success of ecotourism is directly linked to their individual capacity to achieve greater standards of life. Environmental impacts National parks in Costa Rica are the backbone of its ecotourism industry contributing much to the countrys tourism industry as a whole. In 1960s Costa Ricas first strictly protected area was established, after that four national parks were offically created in 1970s to preserve its biodiversity. There are 30 and above national parks and more than 230 protected areas in costa Rica. Cost Rica forms a variety of ecosystem with 850 bird species, 1260 tree species, 1200 orchid species, 270 mammal species, 361 species of reptiles and amphibians and more than 35,000 species of insects. The creation of parks and protected areas protect natural species, but it resulted in deforestation. National parks form the crucial part of ecotourism in Costa Rica which was increasing since 1980s and attained maturity at the end of 1990s. Even ecotourism earnings have contuined to increase, the Costa Rican government is not properly funding to the parks and protected areas leading to dependancy on foreign donations much. Other than national parks and protected areas, private reserves have emerged as another important way to protect Costa Ricas natural resources and biodiversity. About 68 reserves were found in Costa Rica in which more than 40 involves in ecotourism in which La Selva, Rara Avis, Monteverde cloud forest reserve are some of those in it. Monteverde forest reserve recieves nearly 50,000 visitors per year which contains most important population of quetzal, an endangered bird species. Private reserves serve as an intimation to the government that ecotourism has good earning potential and it can be economically viable when sufficient resources are invested. Ecotourism projects results in natural degradations when the natural areas are overcroweded with visitors. Solid waste generation, pollution, habitat destructions, forest degradations and trail erosion results in increase of local carrying capacities. The negative effects of ecoourism can be minimized by emphasising low- impact construction, controlling the number of visitors, taking care in interacting with local flora and fauna. A balance between development and conservation should be created in order to avoid the degradation of natural environment. Education is often cited as on of the most crucial element for every individual as well as for a society. Environmental education contributes much for ecotourism. Knowledgable tour guides can provide a quality environmental education. Local guides have more advantage over foreign guides since they have more knowledge about local ecologic, natural history and local culture. Lack of experienced and knowledgable trail guides is one of the major problems with ecotourism in Costa Rica. Creating educated public understanding the importance of ecotourism in Costa Rica will help the countries benefit for long run.

The Importance of Budgeting to Avoid Defaulting on Student Loans Essay

The Importance of Budgeting to Avoid Defaulting on Student Loans Students defaulting on their loans will always be a problem for the government as long as there are students taking out loans. There will always be a few that don’t pay off their loans. There are many reasons why students default on their student loans. According Ms. Farrell, the author of â€Å"Reducing Student Loan Defaults: A Plan for Action,† in the Office of Planning, Budget, and Evaluation Survey, said â€Å"The main reason that students default on their loans is that they cannot budget their finances† (Farrell 24). Even though a number of students are working while going to school, they don’t understand the financial burden that loans will place in their lives. In order for students to pay back their student loans, they need to calculate their in school and out of school budgets. If too many students neglect to pay their loans, it can create a serious problem for students that are currently in school receiving financial aid. A school can be dropped out of the student aid program. Under a current law, colleges and universities can lose access to student loan programs if they have default rate of 25% or above for 3 consecutive years. Institutions can also lose access to all programs, including grants, if the most recent default rate exceeds 40%. The Department of Education just released a list of more than 300 institutions that could lose eligibility for some or all student aid programs, and 144 schools are no longer eligible to participate in student loan programs because of high default rates (Dervarics 6). So we can see how important it is for students to pay their student loans back; so that their school will not be dropped from the student... ...in. It helps students to compare and match expenses with income to balance out their finances on a weekly, and/or monthly basis. So give budgeting a try, and see your life become less complicated. Works Cited Brownstone, David M. â€Å"Planning your future.† Personal Financial Survival Wiley Interscience Publication. 1981: 5 Deravics, Charles. â€Å"Student Loan Default Rates Fall Dramatically† Black Isues in Higher Education 6 February 1997: 17 Farrell, Mary. â€Å"Reducing Student Loan Defaults A Plan for Action† Dept. of Education Washington D.C. Office of Planning, Budgeting, and Evaluation, 1990 : 7, 24, 27 Finney, Robert. â€Å"Every Manager Guide to Business Finance† American Management Association, 1994: 175 Gray, Ginger. Phone Interview. 23 February 1997. Groza, Maris. â€Å"Where to Live.† Every Womans Guide to Financial Independence. Les Femmes. 1997: 13

A Study Of The Negro Policeman: Book Review :: essays research papers

A Study of the Negro Policeman: Book Review Nicholas Alex, assistant professor of sociology at The City University of New York, holds a Ph.D. from the New School for Social Research and a B.S. from the Wharton School. He was formerly a research assistant with the Russell Sage Foundation, an instructor at Adelphi University, and has had working experience in his academic specialty-the sociology of professions and occupations-while an industrial engineer in the aircraft industry, later as business manager of the Walden School. This is his first book. In this book Alex made an effort to examine the peculiar problems of Negro policemen who live in an age which has not yet resolved to problem of inequality in an assertedly democratic society. He drawn heavily on the reflections of forty-one Negro policemen who made plain to me the difficulties involved in being black in blue. Alex was concerned with the ways in which the men were recruited into the police, the nature of their relations in regard to their immediate clientele, their counterparts, and the rest of society. In the broadest terms, the book examines the special problems that Negro policemen face in their efforts to reconcile their race with their work in the present framework of American values and beliefs. The research for the study was based on intensive interviews collected over a period of eleven months, from December 1964 to October 1965. During that time the author talked with Negro police engaged in different types of police specialties, and men of different rank and backgrounds. Alex was interested in preserving their anonymity, and substituted code numbers for names. The language in which their thoughts were expressed is unchanged. Most of the interviews were obtained either at the policeman's home or the authors. Some were held in parks, playgrounds, and luncheonettes. All of the interviews were open-ended. All the policemen refused to have there conversations taped. "I know too well what tapes can do to you," said one. "I can refute what you write down on that pad, but I can't if it's taped. We use tapes too, you know." The author was dealing with a highly expressive and literate group of men who thought of the study as a way in which they could make themselves heard. This book is organized very well. It consist of eight chapters, and each chapter is broken into subdivisions. The first chapter talks about the policemen in the community. Within this chapter mainly describes the police as and occupation, and states how the policemen's job is uncertain. The second chapter deals with the recruitment of Negroes for police work.

Complete Despair in in Anton Chekhovs Misery Essay -- Antov Chekhovs

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the story "Misery" by Anton Chekhov, I identified despair and misery as a theme. The surroundings amplify the sentiment of the main character, Iona Potapov. Cold and gray surrounds Iona Potapov and he is extremely miserable. Iona Potapov wants to speak to another human about his son's death but no one will listen. Failing to speak with any humans, Iona is resigned to speak with his horse.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  At the beginning of the story Anton Chekhov sets the environment for the story. "The twilight of evening." (30) While reading this story, I envision the scenery by what Anton Chekhov wrote. "Big flakes of wet snow are whirling lazily about the street lamps, which have just been lighted, and lying in a thin soft layer on the roofs, horses' backs, shoulders, caps." (30) The picture portrayed is that of dull, gloomy, sludge and gray ash covering all of the surrounding areas. " The familiar gray landscape." (30)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The dispair and loneliness that Iona feels are sorrow. "May it do you good . . . But my son is dead, mate . . . Do you hear?" (33). Iona desperately wants to tell about his sons' death, and how it is affecting him. "He wants to tell how his son was taken ill, how he suffered, what he said before he died, how he died"(34). Ionas' son has died, and he feels as though it should have been he to the grave instead of his youthful son. "My son ought to be driving not I"(34).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The gray dismal surroundings entrap Iona and make the desolation worse ...

Scm 3301

SCM 3301 Spring 2013 Exam 1 Study Review The exam will cover chapters 1-4 from the textbook. Format: 34 multiple choice questions of approximately equal weightage from each of the four chapters. Resources to study: * Lecture Notes ( If you have missed a class, please obtain the notes from a classmate) * The textbook * Closely read the sections covered in the lectures * Closely read the material related to the main ideas listed below Main Ideas: Chapter One: Describe a supply chain and define supply chain management. * Describe the objectives and elements of supply chain management. * Describe a brief history and some of the trends of supply chain management. * Understand the range of supply chain management activities common to both services and manufacturing * BUY – Supply * MAKE – Operations * SHIP – Logistics * Coordination – Integration * Understand the current trends in Supply Chain Management Chapter Two: Understand the role of supply management and its strategic impact on an organization’s competitive advantage * Understand the profit leverage of effective purchasing * Have a basic knowledge of the manual purchasing process, e-procurement, small value procurement * Understand strategic nature of the â€Å"make or buy† decision * Understand sourcing decisions and the factors impacting supplier selection * Describe the various considerations in assessing the Total Cost of Ownership * Understand how a supplier portfolio is managed Describe the opportunities and challenges of global sourcing Chapter Three: * Explain the importance of supplier partnerships * Understand the key factors for developing successful partnerships * Understand the principles behind the Weighted Criteria Evaluation System * Understand the purpose and creation of a supplier certification program * Explain the importance of a supplier recognition program * Understand the capabilities of Supplier Relationship Management Chapter Four: Define and a ppreciate the trends in ethical and sustainable sourcing * Define and describe the terms: fair trade products green purchasing social sustainability * Describe how ethical and sustainable sourcing strategies are developed and implemented * Understand how Supply Base Rationalization can help improve a company’s ethical and sustainable sourcing * Understand ways that supplier partnerships can help a company’s ethical and sustainable goals * Understand the use of environmental supplier certification and recognition programs

Paradise Vacation Case

pick off Decisions * Should Leduc agree to Air Indias project? * Whats the companys fightlike scheme for 2008/2009? * How to respond to FunTours expansion and hard-hitting pricing strategy? SWOT abbreviation enlightenment holds strong vendee designer which enables it to peck for offseter determine and discount. As grocery store localize leader and Quebec company, paradise piece of tail promote itself with reminding client most company hisotry to strength their preference and trueness . The weakness lands at that Quebec is the only market in Canada the collapse of one view get prohibiteding damage the entire business.The nemesis fundamentally lands at pricing challenger from FunTours. Competitive Analysis and Consumer Analysis Beca enjoyment heaven has its main market in Quebec, Benoix is the main competitor. However, the biggest threat comes from FunTours expansion currently. The emulous usefulness of FunTours is its low pricing strategy. activateling is has an expansile demand. With bell being the most important determination, FunTours strategy could drive enlightenment protrude of the market. This strategy targets at mid and modest element of the market. It creates threat to the similar segments for Paradise, which fight back 90% of the tax r put awayue.Nonetheless, Quebec is a leaf blade advanced market where FunTours does not have supplier connections or customer loyalty yet. FunTours serves no premium market where 10% of the revenue comes from for Paradise. Therefore, Paradise croup utilize its bargain power with its suppliers to ask for lower wrongs, also lower its retail price to move on customers from switching to new brand, and advertise to fort brand loyalty. separate Focus finishing radical Low price cut back price than FunTours offers middle Best lever Lower price than FunTours offers, and special advancement with higher appreciate. amplitude Luxury work Lower price to prevent customer fr om downgrading to mid(prenominal) segment. Keep components as incomplete distri plainlyors for better services. Recommendation strand and mid(prenominal) package leave alone be ex tilt done profit solely bounty package bequeath be sell through with(predicate) both agent and net income by 50/50 at the analogous conviction lowering in large quantities price by 5%, and communicate Benoix Air for 5% discount on the rush. Implementation Plan Paradise impart reject the offer from Air India. We leave alone stay with the original segments of consumers, and lower price to stop FunTours from ntering the market at the said(prenominal) time, keep the package un channelised to fancy customer experiences use promotional strategy to re-enforce brand name and loyalty. Product Travel package provides both service and product. Paradise includes 3 packages targeting at substructure, mid and premium market. Price (See divulge 4 for detail) We impart be employ Value-based prici ng strategy. We will set lower retail price to stop FunTours from entering the market, and to provide utmost price for family segment, best value for Mid, and both luxury service and low price for grant segment. sell musical theme 89 Mid 134 Premium 193(Agent) 178 ( net) in large quantities 88 132 176 Tactics Markdowns Seasonal discount, coupons. Markdowns. define Indirect Distribution - speed of light% of base and mid, 50% of premium package through net allocator -50% of premium package through tour agents with 10% commission scoopful Distribution Distribute through high-priced reputation internet distributors only for the innovation of keeping professional brand image, and high-end prompt agents to keep Premium customer privileged. promotion Objective To re-enforce the brand image as a local and experienced give out operator who always respond to Quebec travellers inescapably beyond expectation. Reminder Advertising TV advertising and internet ad to re-enfo rce the brand image. Sales promotion (1)Price promotion is mentioned to a higher place at Price section. (2)Loyalty points-collection program to win repurchase and creates loyalty (3)Contests to win trips in format to increase consumer involvements and personal feelings. pass judgment Results See indicate 4 pick 5//Recommendation for income statement.Appendixes Decision criteria * bring home the bacon short-run viability * Provide long-term sustainability alternate(a) Evaluation * Cost cutting through partnership with Benoix and speak to structure change to start a price war with FunTours. * Setting pricing strategy as price war and cutting cost through vertical integration. * Sell its packages through profits distributors exclusively. * Offering packages to more unlike and less developed destinations. Base and Mid package will be interchange through internet solely Premium package will be change through both agent and internet by 50/50 at the same time lowering in large quantities price by 5% and petition Benoix Air for 5% discount on the flight. ersatz 1, comparing all some former(a) 4, gets the least revenue (32,540,428). Although it is feasible in short-term and might drive FunTour out of the market, it does not link with the obsolete of travel agents. Giving the negative revenue for the base segment (see Exhibt 2), it is not long-term sustainable.Moreover, even if the competitor is lastly driven out the market, Paradise will have to stir the price again in order to get back on its forward profitability Paradise runs into the risk that the customers will feel cheated and uncomfortable with the raising price, and and then shift to other operators. For selection 2, although leasing hidden airline will decrease the inconsistent cost and increase revenue (71,192,907), Paradise runs into the risk of heavy responsibility for flight issues, decrease of flight destination and time flexibility, and high fixed cost, which will eventually be added to the price of the package.In addition to those, same enigma with Alternative 1, it does not concern with the obsolete with travel agents. Thus, this alternative is not sustainable in the long-run. For Alternative 3, it addresses the problem of high agent cost, and the obsolete of agent distributor. 5% of revenue is take for granted from using internet to reach broader customer base with lower retail price. However, the price is still higher for than FunTours offer (e. g. $93 vs. $90) therefrom provides FunTours the chance to take away market office. It is short-term viable but not sustainable.Alternative 4 increases market variety but turns away from the main market (top 5), which is providing 89% of Paradises package sale. It equals to give up a bigger pie for a tiny one. (Exhibit 2) The recommendation ranks the 3rd place in the 5 alternatives quantitatively. However, it provides both short-term viability and long-term sustainability. Lowering the price from utilizi ng the buyer power on Benoix Air gives Paradise the ability to win over FunTours price-wise in the short-run, and keep price low in the long-run. profits distributor addresses the obsolete of travel agents. By offering both agents and internet distributor for premium market helps sustain our competitive advantage on luxury customers. Exhibit 1 market placeing Share, Value and maturement of Canada and Paradise Vacation for 2007 and 2008 PR Market Setments National PR Canada Quebec PR Quebec Base Mid Premium Percentage 100. 00% 7. 80% 20. 00% 39. 00% 60% 30% 10% 2007 6,400,000 499,200 1,280,000 499,200 299,520 149,760 49,920 2008 4. 0% maturation 6,694,400 522,163 1,338,880 522,163 313,298 156,649 52,216 Exhibit 2 Alternative 4 Market Share, Value and maturement for 2007 and 2008 National Paradise Canada Other destinations other than top5 8% 11% 2007 512,000,000 54,912,000 After 25% of expected growth 640,000,000 68,640,000 Exhibit 3 Income Statement for Alternative 1 and 2 (2008) Alternative 1 i Alternative 2iv Base Mid Premium Base Mid Premium substance tax 313,297,920 156,648,960 52,216,320 313,297,920 156,648,960 52,216,320 Agent lucre Agent Internet Agent Internet Agent Internet Agent Internet Agent Internet Industry ingrained Sales 72% 28% 72% 28% 72% 28% 72% 28% 72% 28% 72% 28% 225,574,502 87,723,418 112,787,251 43,861,709 37,595,750 14,620,570 225,574,502 87,723,418 112,787,251 43,861,709 37,595,750 14,620,570 Retail price 90. 00ii 82. 64 135. 00 123. 95 180. 00 165. 27 90. 00 82. 64 135. 00 123. 95 180. 0 165. 27 Commission 8. 18iii 0. 82 12. 27 1. 23 16. 36 1. 64 8. 18 0. 82 12. 27 1. 23 16. 36 1. 64 sell price 81. 82 81. 82 122. 73 122. 73 163. 64 163. 64 81. 82 81. 82 122. 73 122. 73 163. 64 163. 64 costs of sales air duct 40 40 40 40 40 40 30v 30 30 30 30 30 Hotel 40 40 50 50 60 60 40 40 50 50 60 60 section 1. 82 1. 82 49. 90 49. 90 63. 64 63. 64 11. 82 11. 82 49. 90 49. 90 73. 64 73. 64 SG&A 9. 00 8. 26 13. 0 12. 40 18. 00 16. 53 9. 00 8. 26 13. 50 12. 40 18. 00 16. 53 EBITDA (7. 18) (6. 44) 36. 40 37. 50 45. 64 47. 11 2. 82 3. 56 36. 40 37. 50 55. 64 57. 11 Earning persona (8%) (8%) 27% 30% 25% 29% 3. 13% 4. 30% 26. 96% 30. 26% 30. 91% 34. 55% Earning (18,000,390) (6,840,346) 30,410,785 13,271,102 9,531,852 4,167,425 7,063,444 3,775,013 30,410,785 13,271,102 11,620,505 5,052,058 sum 32,540,428 71,192,907 i. Assume during price war, market share does not changeii.Retail price drops 10% for distributor of agent in large quantities price will shift according to retail price and commission change (Wholesale=Retail/(1+10% commission) internet retail price change according to sweeping and commission (Internet=wholesale*(1+1% commission). iii. Commission for agent will increase to 10% internet cincture the same as 1%. iv All assumptions from Alternative 1 holdv Airline price decreases 25% from$40 Exhibit 4 Income Statement for Alternative 3 and Recommendation (2008) Alternative 3vi Alt ernative 5 Recommendation ix Base Mid Premium Base Mid Premium 48,271,360vii 328,962,816 164,481,408 54,827,136 334,445,530 169,964,122 43,861,709 Internet Internet Internet Internet Internet Agent Internet Segment Percentage 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 50% 50% 328,962,816 164,481,408 54,827,136 334,445,530 169,964,122 21,930,854 21,930,854 Retail price 93. 53 141. 30 187. 05 88. 85 134. 23 193. 534xi 177. 70 Wholesale price 92. 6 139. 9 185. 2 87. 97xii 132. 905 175. 94 175. 94 costs of sales Airline 40 40 40 38 38 38 38 Hotel 40 50 60 40 50 60 60 Contribution 12. 6 49. 9 85. 2 9. 7 49. 9 77. 94 77. 94 SG&A 8. 42 12. 72 16. 83 8. 00 12. 08 19. 35 15. 99 EBITDA 4. 18 37. 18 68. 37 1. 97 37. 82 58. 5866 61. 95 Earning contribution 4. 47% 26. 32% 36. 55% 2. 22% 28. 17% 30. 27% 34. 86% Earning 14,711,841 43,283,583 20,038,677 7,428,695 47,885,482 6,638,907 7,645,225 Total 78,034,101 69,598,308 vi Because that internet distributor can reach more customer, 5% growth on expected r evenue (2008) is assumedvii Total revenue after 5% assumed growthviiiWith internet distributor, SG&A decrease by 10% from before, for agent, it stays the same ix. % revenue growth is assumed same from Alternative 3 out-of-pocket to the use of internet distributor. Premium market as luxury will decrease due to the upcoming recession, it is assumed that Premium segment will decrease to 8%, Base and Mid will increase by 1% each. X From bargaining with Benoix Air, a 5% discount is expected. xi 10% commission on agent is provided. cardinal Taking 5% off wholesale price