A Decent Job At Separating Religion From Morality

Although some may say religion relates to morals, apparently the philosophers we have covered thus far do not believe such a thing. For religious people, morality may be pushed by religion in their regards to the fear of the consequences god will bring if one disobeys his laws. Although this can be related to consequentialism, it is not the same kind of consequentialism Mills and Bentham use. Morals can be dependent of an individual’s preferences depending on the individual’s motives behind their actions. If one is religiously motivated to be moral, and fears the consequences if they are not moral, then they are not going off of their individual preferences. Those who decide what they want to do based off of their own pleasures, make†¦show more content†¦Although they separate religion from morality, Bentham and Mill do a poor job explaining how moral requirements are independent of our interests and preferences. A hedonist believes that pleasure and happiness are the most important outcomes out of any activity. As we talked about in class, Bentham is a hedonist and pushes for actions that bring the most pleasure and diminish pain. People in his view should do whatever it may be that brings them the most pleasure, which is acting within ones on self interests. Mill essentially believes the same thing, but with slight differences. Regardless people should be selfish their actions in order to increase pleasure and happiness of not only themselves, but also their community. Immanuel Kant has a different perspective from the others mentioned. He does a decent job at showing how morality is not dependent on religion. When morals are dependent of religion, one will act based on consequentialism. If your action is morally incorrect your consequences from that action will result in punishment from god (possibly damnation) and vice versa. Kant’s general idea is that morality is not simply about creating the best consequences. He believes i n principle of law, which means no religion or deity is involved in decision making. Laws are the source of morality in this theory. He also believes laws are universal and you should act in accordance of laws because of a moral obligation toShow MoreRelatedIs America A Christian Nation?2305 Words   |  10 Pagesthe American political system wanted no religious parties in national politics† (Kramnick and Moore, 23). Actually, the creation of a constitution without influence of religion was not an act of irreverence. The authors believe that the creation of the constitution was a support to the idea that religion can preserve the civil morality necessary for democracy, without an influence on any political party. The end of the chapter is the description of the following chapters and with a disguise warningRead MoreEssay about Analysis of the Discourse and Rhetoric since September 112732 Words   |  11 Pagesand beyond cure. Who can understand it?† He asked that qu estion, â€Å"Who can understand it?† And that’s one reason we each need God in our lives. Reverend Graham’s use of rhetoric is a tactic employed frequently by evangelists and those speaking from a Christian discourse. His citation of the Second Epistle to the Thessalonians is particularly interesting. In the second chapter of this Pauline letter, the author discusses the reaction of Christ to the evil and lawless one. This portends theRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pageslittle significance. But there is little agreement over when the twentieth century c.e. arrived, and there were several points both before the year 2000 (the collapse of the Soviet Union, the reunification of Germany, the surge of globalization from the mid-1990s) and afterward (9/11, or the global recession of 2008) when one could quite plausibly argue that a new era had begun. A compelling case can be made for viewing the decades of the global scramble for colonies after 1870 as a predictableRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesWeidemann-Book Credits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with permission, in this textbook appear on appropriate page within text. Copyright  © 2011, 2007, 2005, 2002, 1998 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction

Ethics Assignment Free Essays

Table of Contents 1. 0 Aims1 2. 0 Objectives3 3. We will write a custom essay sample on Ethics Assignment or any similar topic only for you Order Now 0 Introduction5 4. 0 Questions (a) and (b)13 5. 0 Conclusion14 6. 0 References15 1. 0 Aims To understand students understand the importance of work ethics in the work place. 2. 0 Objectives 1. Instill strong organizational values. 2. Build an integrity-based organization. 3. Develop ethical behavioral influences. 4. Implement plans and strategies to achieve ethical excellence. 3. 0 Introduction According to Chester Barnard, an organization is a system of consciously coordinated activities or efforts of two or more persons. His meaning of organization implies formal planning, division, of labor and leadership. On the other hand, Bedeian and Zamnuto see organizations as social entities that are goal directed, deliberately structured activity systems with a permeable boundary. Their meaning of â€Å"deliberately structured activity systems† basically means that organizations are structured in a proper way jobs are divided among people to achieve a common goal. According to www. dictionary. com, an organization a social unit of people that is structured and managed to meet a need or to pursue collective goals. Every organization has a management structure which will divide and break down the roles and tasks of different members. Organizations are also regarded as open systems which affects and also are affected by environment. (dictionary. com, n. d. ) In any organization, reputation is very important and ethics plays a vital role in the success of an organization. In short, ethics is the choices which individuals make both in their personal and professional lives which deal with morality such as right versus wrong. Charles D. Little, 2000) Business ethics also refers to ways in an organization carry out its business according to the accepted moral standards. It is actually a set of moral principles and code of conducts applicable to all businesses which not only relates to the customer itself but to the society as well. It also implies the ways of conducting business in a way which not only benefit oneself but to benefit everyone as a whole. According to Charles D. Little, organizational business ethics is the application of these morality related choices as influenced and guided by values, standards, rules, principles, and strategies which is related to an organization’s activities and business situations. Laura Nash with a Ph. D. from Harvard University further asserts that business ethics deals with choices about what laws should be and whether to follow them, about economics and social issues outside the law, and about the priority of self-interests over the company’s interests. (Laura Nash, 2000) . 0 Questions a) How can employers develop a better work ethics in the workstation? i) Employers should lead by example and practice what they preach. Employers should always lead by example by first doing what they want their employees to do. This is because if the manager itself practices what he preach, it shows how serious he is in leading by example. (Prema Jayabalan, 2013) ii) Reward and praise those who deserve. Simple things like a thank you note or a note of praise will go a long way in showing you appreciation towards the employee. It will show how the employers appreciate its employees and also that the employers are not those who will take all the credit by themselves. (Prema Jayabalan, 2013) iii) Reprimand those who go against work ethics. If there is anyone in the organization who breaks the rules of a company, action should be taken towards that employee to show how serious the organization is in dealing with ethical issues. It will also serve as a reminder to others to not go against any ethical code of conducts set by a company. (Prema Jayabalan, 2013) iv) Legal and regulatory compliance. One way to develop better work ethics in the workstation is through legal and regulatory compliance. Employers should conduct their businesses according to the law in order to hold fast to the values of integrity which will help contribute to a company’s good reputation. (John J. Kane, n. d. ) v) Be accountable. Employers should also be accountable to whatever they do. The Code of Ethics by the Society of Professional Journalists states that admitting their own mistakes will make employees know that one should owe up to their own mistakes instead of running away from them. By doing this, employees will know that they would have to owe up to whatever they do and it is not right for them to push the blame to someone else for their own deeds as it is unethical. This practice will greatly help avoid unethical practices in the workstation. (spj, n. d. ) vi) Maintain true and accurate records and also proper disposal of records. Employers should always maintain true and accurate records and also the proper disposal of records. Information should not be alter or falsify to mislead the public. When appropriate, business information should also be destroyed according to the legal requirements in a proper way to protect the privacy of stakeholders such as customers and employees of the company. (John J. Kane, n. d. ) vii) Should not practice favoritism. Employers should not practice favoritism in the workplace. They should always treat all employees equally. This to prevent any jealousy by any parties which could cause unethical work practices. A work environment where everyone is treated fair and just will reduce the chances of unethical behavior because employees will not feel less important or unappreciated. Code of Conduct, n. d. ) viii) Do not practice bribes and kickbacks. Bribes and kickbacks should not be practice in the company and should be strictly prohibited. Managers should never accept any bribes or favors from any parties for their own interest. Business arrangements with any outside parties should also be written out in a proper document and be approved by th e legal counsel or authority in charged to avoid unhealthy practices in an organization. (John J. Kane, n. d. ) ix) Penalties The company should also enforce penalties to those who engage in unethical practices. Those who engaged in unethical practices should be demoted, laid off or be made responsible for their acts such as paying a fine. This would help prevent others in the organization from engaging in unethical behavior. (John J. Kane, n. d. ) x) Establish whistleblower provisions. Employers should also establish whistleblower provisions to protect employees who in good faith report misconducts by any party. This is to avoid retaliation, threats, harassment and discrimination by other employees. The establishment of this kind of act will encourage more people to speak up and unethical practices in a company can be eliminated. (John J. Kayne, n. d. ) xi) Tighten electronic and security requirements. Companies should tighten electronic and security requirements. This is to commit to protecting all aspects of information systems and at the same time make sure that all the organization abides by the policies established. This will help protect private information from being leaked out or stealing of information from other parties. This could help reduce the number of hackers whose aim is to steal private information. A system to monitor electronic data used in the company should also be implemented so that employees and employers alike could not simply disclosed or misuse information for activities that are unlawful and inappropriate. (John J. Kane, n. d. ) b) How do we (employers and employees) ensure that positive shared values are practiced and promoted to create an ethics-driven culture in the organization? i) Respect and avoid criticizing your employer. Employees should communicate effectively with the boss and respect them as their superiors. As times have change and more employers are more open to suggestions and feedback from employees but it does not mean that the employee could lash out anything at the employer. The employee should always know where to draw the line and never go overboard to criticize them or talk behind their backs. (Prema Jayabalan, 2013) ii) Do not befriend your colleagues for the wrong reasons. Times have change and people nowadays are getting more busybody. There is always the office gossip where people want to know what is going on in other people’s lives. However, the best way is to always be honest in all your friendships and do not befriend others just to benefit from them. This is because people will always appreciate genuine friendship and befriending someone just to get something from him or her will not leave a good impression about you to others. (Prema Jayabalan, 2013) iii) Avoid comparison. Everyone is unique in their own way, have their own set of talents and skills which is why people are assigned to different roles and tasks. One should not compare one’s work to other people or complain whenever another gets promoted. This is because promotion will come when you deserved it. (Prema Jayabalan, 2013) iv) Do not interfere in other people’s affairs. Each and everyone in an organization should respect other’s privacy and should never try to interfere in people’s private affairs. Do not insist on knowing something if that colleague is reluctant to tell you and do not be too enthusiastic in giving your opinions. If someone confides in you about his or her problem, one should only listen and give them support which they need instead of tons and tons of advice. (Prema Jayabalan, 2013) v) Do not be a busy-body. One good attitude to be practiced in the workplace is to not stick into other people’s affairs. One should instead use the energy to do better in their own work instead of poking into other people’s business. By doing this it will create a pleasant environment to work into and people will feel comfortable working with you. (Prema Jayabalan, 2013) vi) Dress professionally. Both employers and employees should always dress up professionally as the attire will speaks for itself and it will reflect well about the company towards an external organization. Therefore, people should always the dress code set by a company. (Prema Jayabalan, 2013) vii) Leave personal matters at home. People should not bring their family to work as it may make other employees’ uncomfortable. Second, they should also not talk about family matters in the office as not everyone will be interested in their family matters. (Prema Jayabalan, 2013) viii) Respect the contribution by others. When a colleague is praise or rewarded for his or her good performance, one should not get jealous because it will help to improve the organization and you yourself will stand to benefit from his or her performance. (Prema Jayabalan, 2013) ix) Take credit only if it is yours and do not brag about it. If you had contributed to the success of something, then you should acknowledge it and should celebrate your achievements. However, if it is other’s work, then by all means direct credit to them. Besides, one should also not keep bragging their achievements in the workplace. Prema Jayabalan, 2013) x) Be informed. One should always themselves about everything which is happening around in an organization. It is not good to not know anything about your company as it will reflect how people look at you as a person. Besides, being updated in an organization will help generate a good impression about you to the employer as it shows that you are competent and relevant to the workplace. ( Prema Jayabalan, 2013) xi) Should not share or access any confidential information. Both employers and employees should not access or share any confidential information with anyone. It is very vital for both employers and employees to protect any information within their records so that each and every person’s privacy is respected. Private information should also never be sent over the Internet except through the use of secure methods to prevent the leakage of private information. This practice will ensure that every person’s private and personal space is respected. (John J. Kane, n. d. ) xii) Never let conflict of interest intersect with work problems. Employers and employees should never let conflict of interest intersect with work problems. They should always put the organization’s interest before their own interest. To prevent conflict of interest from affecting professional judgement, employees are also not encouraged to deal with customers or others who are their close friends or relatives. (John J. Kane, n. d. ) xiii) Maintain a professional work environment. Both employers and employees should always maintain a professional work environment. Everyone should be treated fairly with respect, courtesy and consideration and they should not be any biasness in the workplace. This is to maintain a workplace free of any harassment or discrimination to ensure that both employers and employees could work in a positive environment with an ethics-driven cukture. John J. Kane, n. d. ) xiv) Stay free of substances such as drugs and alcohol. Both employers and employees should stay free of substances such as drugs and alcohol. Everyone should report to work free from any abuse of substances to prevent the influence of any drugs or alcohol while working and also to prevent any discomfort to other colleagues. This is also because working under the influence of alcohol and drugs could cause one to not be able to think properly and may cause tantrums which may disturb the peacefulness in the workplace. xv) Give everyone equal treatment. Employers and employees alike should be given equal treatment meaning that everyone is given equal opportunity. The setting at the workplace should be such that cultural differences are celebrated and does not discriminate by gender, sex, race, colour, or creed. Employment should be based on a merit system related to competence and qualifications of the worker rather than based on a person’s gender, race, colour, or creed. (John J. Kane, n. d. ) xvi) Be honest and truthful. Employers and employees alike should always be honest and truthful in all their actions. When everyone in an organization is honest and truthful to each other, they will be a high level of trust among each other and this will lead to higher productivity as it is always easier to work with a trusted person. (Code of Conduct, n. d. ) xvii) Practice integrity. Employers and employees should practice integrity at all times. They should be fair and honest in all business dealings and also all other aspects of business so that outsiders such as suppliers, customers and the public will have faith in the organization. Thus, the reputation of the organization will be uplifted and everyone in the organization will be more motivated to practice ethical behaviour in the company. (Code of Conduct, n. d. ) xviii) Be responsible. Employers and employees should also be responsible at work. They should be committed to their work and develop a high sense of accountability as these would make working in an organization more pleasant. (Code of Conduct, n. d. ) xix) Practice high citizenship behaviour. Employers and employees should practice high citizenship behaviour meaning that they are patriotic, loyal and highly committed towards their company. They should always participate in all the matters relating to the progression of the company as this action will benefit and further motivate everyone in the company. (Code of Conduct, n. d. ) xx) Care for each other. Employers and employees should be caring towards each other. They should always show compassion and kindness to their colleagues and this must come from the heart. It will make people touch and people will be ready to open up to each other. This practice of openness will help discourage unethical behaviour and it will further stimulate a highly ethical work environment. Code of Conduct, n. d. ) 5. 0 Conclusion Ethics is a very important aspect which must be practice by all companies to ensure their survival and also its reputation. Lack of ethics in a company could easily cause a company’s downfall as it loses trust from other parties. Ethics is also important to ensure employees’ commitment as an employee will definitely not leave if he or she is treated appropriately. Long serving employees will also contribute to increase investor and customer loyalty and confidence as it is an undeniable fact that everyone loves and honest company who looks after its people well. Workplace ethics is very important because it enhances teamwork. With teamwork, it will enable employees to work together without any conflicts or prejudice. They will also be better to understand their employer’s expectations and could motivate and push each other to excel in a given task. This will also make working easier as they is a high level of trust, sincerity and partnership in the organization. (Prema Jayabalan, 2013) It is also important as every employee will want to feel secure in a job. This will make employees more motivated to go to work as they know that they will not lose their job if they were not given valid reasons. Thus, employee productivity will be higher as they will feel appreciated and will not be harassed by other workers. (Prema Jayabalan, 2013) Workplace ethics are also important as it helps protect the company’s privacy as well as property. Organizations where all employees strictly adhere to the code of ethics need not fear any leaking out of company’s information, truancy, taking false sick leave and other disciplinary and ethical issues. From then employer’s viewpoint, they should always treat their workers with respect and reward those who deserve. (Prema Jayabalan, 2013) Ethics is also very important in aintaining a company’s reputation because the society at large will always admire and look up to a company which is ethical. This is because it shows that the organization is sincere and genuine in conducting their business and this will help attract more people towards the organization. (Prema Jayabalan, 2013) 6. 0 References Prema Jayabalan (2013), Wor kplace ethics: Ensuring harmony in the office [online] Available from : http://mystarjob. com/articles/story. aspx? file=%2F2013%2F2%2F2%2Fmystarjob_careerguide%2F12606844sec=mystarjob_careerguide (Accessed on 27th February 2013) John J. Kane (2013), Code of Conducts and Ethics [online] Available from : http://codeofconduct. pdf (Accessed on 25th February 2013) Businessdictionary. com (n. d. ), What is an Organization? [online] Available from : http://www. businessdictionary. com/definition/organization. html#ixzz2LVVEI0Il (Accessed on 27th February 2013) Managementstudyguide. com (2008), Business Ethics – A Successful way of conducting business [online] Available from : http://www. managementstudyguide. com/business-ethics. htm (Accessed on 27th February 2013) Spj. org (2012), Society of Professional Journalists: SPJ Code of Ethics [online] Available from : http://www. pj. org/ethicscode. asp (Accessed on 27th February 2013) Don Knauss (n. d. ), The Role Of Business Ethics In Relationships With Customers [online] Available from : http://www. forbes. com/2010/01/19/knauss-clorox-ethics-leadership-citizenship-ethics. html (Accessed on 28th February 2013) Sumitama Mukherjee (n. d. ), What is an Organization? [on line] Available from : http://whatisanorganization. pdf (Accessed on 28th February 2013) Charles D. Little (n. d. ), Organizational/Business Ethics [online] Available from : http://wweb. uta. edu/management/Dr. Little/†¦ /Organizational%20Ethics. ppt (Accessed on 28th February 2013) How to cite Ethics Assignment, Essay examples

Change Management in Organizations Free-Samples for Students

Question: Write a Project Report on Change Management in Organizations. Answer: Introduction Change management has become one of the most debatable topics of the corporate world. The leaders of organizations have been struggling to explore and develop strategies to bring effective changes within the organization so that the organization can adapt itself to survive the economic and social changes of the country or region. Lewins model, McKinseys 7S model, Kotters change management theory, nudge theory, ADKAR model, Bridges Transition model and Kubler-Ross Five Stage model are few of the proposed theories of change management by various scholars and authors. There has been an ongoing debate whether change management should focus on strategies and tools or influencing people and their identity. The paper would thus, make an attempt to gain an insight of effective change management methods and approaches through analyzing the different literature works of various scholars and authors. The paper would present the ideas of few of the journal articles and books in the form of literature review to study the existing change management theories and models. Further, they would be demonstrated by connecting them to the existing organization to understand their efficiency in the current global scenario. Appropriate conclusions and recommendations would be drawn to drive inference. Literature Review According to Paton and McCalman (2008), change is an essential component of an organization to survive in the changing business context. The companies must develop new strategies to manage multiple future scenarios. Restructuring was stated by the authors as one of the strategies of change management that helps an organization to grow and prosper. Restructuring facilitates an organization to align its internal activities as per the social and economic conditions of the region. Further, the authors also stated that how a firm responds to the changing global environment including growth of European Union, growing economies of India and China and reducing costs of communication, transportation and information, reflects an organizations ability to handle change management. The authors also addressed the importance of people in an organization in terms of knowledge contribution. People are the most sustainable weapons of an organization and the real challenges lies how effectively a firm uses them in the changing global environment. Hayes (2014) presented his own views on change management in organization and strongly emphasized on change process by stating change as purposeful and meaningful process comprising of 7 core activities. According to the author, the first step is to identify the need for change in the organization followed by diagnosing the change to construct a vision for future. After developing a vision, the process of planning is initiated to implement the change. The change is then reviewed in order to analyze the whether the intended state has been achieved or not. The author further stated that change management is not only about attaining the desired goal, instead it is about sustaining the change as long as it is beneficial for the organization. The authors Cameron and Green (2015) stated that Lewins model is required for change management. The three stage model has proved to be a successful in bringing effective changes within organizations. The first stage is unfreezing that brings motivation for change through disconfirmation and removing the psychological barrier of learning anxiety. Stage of Lewins encourages learning of new concepts and evolving new meanings for the existing concepts. The stage three brings an internal change by incorporating the new concepts along with their meanings. According to Karp and Helgo (), chaotic change is an essential component for bringing effective changes in an organizations with high external and internal complexities and uncertainty. The change process focuses on people to influence their interaction, identity and relationship. The author stressed on the fact that a change that focuses on tools, strategy and structure instead of people is likely to have low efficiency. Thus, the author concluded that in order to bring successful change management, the leaders should focus on accountability, unpredictability, self governance and emergence and avoid design-oriented managerial interventions. According to the authors Nastase, Giuclea and Bold (2012), change is about influencing the people of an organization and the attitude of human resources could either lead to success or failure of an organization, therefore, human dimension is one of the critical success factors. Analysis and Discussion In the fast changing business environment, change has become an integral part of the organization. The leaders and managers consistently thrive to develop effective approaches to implement change within the organization successfully. A firm has to consider several factors in order to develop effective change management model. The practices have demonstrated that most of the managers fail to perceive industrial changes and if the changes have been perceived, they are unable to respond to those changes or delay the response or adopt inappropriate approach to implement change. The figure below demonstrates the relationship between firm and competitiveness of the industry. (Source: Jovanovic, 2015). Restructuring As discussed in the literature review, restructuring is one of the change management approaches that is being frequently used by the organizations to enhance the structure of the organization to achieve organizational effectiveness. The firms adopt restructuring approach in order to expand their businesses through mergers and acquisitions, joint venture or wholly owned subsidiary. The firms generally adopt this technique when they want to take their operations worldwide and become a global firm. There are several critical success factors that would define companys growth in other market. Firstly, the managers must be able to identify the need to restructure the organization along with the potential market. The managers must perform an external environment analysis of the region through PESTEL analysis and Porters Five Forces analysis. PESTEL analysis would help to evaluate political, economic, social, technological, environmental and legal factors of the country. The analysis provide s an insight of the countrys policies, structure, demand and availability of resources. Porters Five Forces analysis would help to evaluate the bargaining power of suppliers and customers and the existing competition in the country. Thus, with the help of these tools, the firm is able to develop effective strategies and planning to set up its operations in another country through one of the restructuring approaches. Therefore, it is suggested that an organization must invest into research and development before adopting any strategy or approach for change management and decision making ability of the managers play a significant role in bringing effective change management. Design, execution and marketing are the three important processes that managers must work out effectively. The design process helps to develop the strategy that would be suitable for the organization to deal with the problem or opportunity. The execution deals with the management of the strategy so as to yield bet ter results. Marketing process helps to communicate effectively to the investors so as to attain the most optimum stock price. Further, restructuring could also lead to continuous downsizing, job losses and redundancy among the employees of the organization (Idowu and Adegoke, 2014). During the recession, several firms fired their employees and downsized their operations in order to save the firms from bankruptcy. Millions of people lost their jobs in US and Europe and its impact was felt across the globe. Kurt Lewins Change Management Theory Kurt Lewins change management theory of three stages is one of the most effective theories for the businesses and is still found to build sustainable model for the organizations. The first phase is unfreeze that helps to employees understand the need for change and dismantle their current mind sets. The second phase is transition that build new approaches and strategies for the organization by identifying the need of change. The third and final stage is freeze that reinforces changes in the organization to dismantle the former ways and methods. The model is frequently used because of its simplicity and straightforwardness. The method deploys the top management to bring an effective change through effective decision making and problem solving skills. The senior management develops goals for organizational change and the most feasible and effective one is selected. A change agent is responsible for bringing an effective change within organization. The company may hire consultant as a change agent or appoint someone from the internal team or someone from organization who is not familiar among the employees, for instance a team member of headquarters may lead the team. It is the responsibility of the change agent to evaluate, measure and control the change. The agent works collaboratively with the senior management to assess the effect of changes on the organization. The change agent works with several individuals and groups and departments of the organization. An organizational is likely to face resistance to change from the employees and staff members. The employees resist change because they find it difficult to change their current approaches and thinking pattern to adopt some new methods. They perceive change as coming out of their comfort zone for something unknown. The employees are also concerned about their performance that could be affected by the change which is a threat for employees as it could risk their positions in the organization. In order to implement effective changes in an organization, the employees must have faith on the change agent or the change agent should be able to convince the employees with strong belief and conviction to drive them towards a common goal and achieve the desired change. The change agent should be able to make the employees comfortable by showing the results of change and how it could grow their career. Kurt Lewins model has been found to be effective for the non government organization by merging with the standard practices for instance strategic planning. The model has had a significant impact by redefining mission of the organization and bringing successful organizational change (Medley and Akan, 2008). Learning Organization Theory Learning organization is another concept of change management that helps an organization to develop sustainable model to survive in the changing business environment. The model integrated five dimensions including systems thinking, personal mastery, mental models, team learning and building shared vision. The worlds most successful organizations have integrated learning organization theory within their framework very effectively. Facebook, Apple, Google, Microsoft are the top most organizations demonstrating the importance of model in the current business scenario. Apple has successfully integrated shared vision and systems thinking under the leadership Steve Jobs. Facebook has also integrated personal mastery and shared vision under the leadership Mark Zuckerberg. Conclusion The paper has successfully discussed and analyzed the different theories of change management and their impact on current businesses. Lewins change management theory was found to be most frequently used model by merging with the standard practices such as strategic planning. The three phase model has demonstrated effective change within non government organization by defining appropriate goals and objectives to attain the desired change. Restructuring was another change management theory that considers PESTEL analysis and Porters Five Forces to analyze the external environmental factors of the country. The organizations have to consider the probable impact of social, economic, political, legal and environmental factors of a country in order to attain desirable results. Further, identifying the need of change was also an important concern for the managers. The practices have demonstrated that most of the managers fail to perceive industrial changes and if the changes have been perceiv ed, they are unable to respond to those changes or delay the response or adopt inappropriate approach to implement change. Learning organization was another theory that has given success to the worlds top notch companies including Apple and Facebook. Thus, in order to develop a successful organization, the management must identify the need of change within the organization at the appropriate time so as to grab the opportunity or handle the problem. Once they have recognized the need, proper model or approach must be identified to bring effective changes within organization. Restructuring is preferable for expansion or downsizing the company. Lewins model is preferable for developing strategies for the organization and the model has been proved to be very effective in non government organization. Learning organization theory requires effective leadership to ensure that learning is an integral part of the organization. References Cameron, E., and Green, M. 2015. Making Sense of Change Management:A Complete Guide to the Models, Tools and Techniques of Organizational Change.London: Kogan Page Publishers. Hayes, J. 2014. The Theory and Practice of Change Management. London: Palgrave Macmillan. Idowu, A. and Adegoke, K., 2014. Impact of Environmental Factors on Organizational Restructuring in the Banking Sub-Sector of Nigeria.technology,4. Jovanovic, Z., 2015. Management and changes in business environment.Ekonomika,61(2), p.143. Karp, T. and Helgo, T.I., 2008. From change management to change leadership: Embracing chaotic change in public service organizations.Journal of change management,8(1), pp.85-96. Medley, B. C. and Akan, O. H. 2008. Creating positive change in community organizations: A case for rediscovering Lewin. Nonprofit Management and Leadership, 18(4), 485496. Nastase, M., Giuclea, M. and Bold, O., 2012. The impact of change management in organizations-a survey of methods and techniques for a successful change.Revista de Management Comparat International,13(1), p.5. Paton, P.R.A., and McCalman, J. 2008. Change Management:A Guide to Effective Implementation. London: SAGE.

Swot Analysis of McDonald’s Essay Sample free essay sample

A SWOT analysis of McDonalds eating house industry reveals that they have a batch of strengths. failings. chances and menaces. To get down 3 strengths would include trade name names. locations and localized bill of fare options. Brand points of McDonalds maintain the competition from copying their merchandises. for illustration. the happy repast. Big Mac. egg McMuffin are all trade name name points of McDonalds. McDonalds maintains 42 % of the United States beefburger concern. Location is ever cardinal. McDonalds has 32. 478 eating houses in 177 states ( McDonalds. com ) . McDonalds’ localized bill of fare options adapt to their location. for illustration. in India and the Middle East they serve lamb Burgers. Failings would include employee turnover. monetary value of natural stuffs. fluctuating operating disbursals and net net incomes. Employee turnover will be the industry more in developing new employees. McDonalds is a fast nutrient eating house. they attract the employment of adolescents and immature grownups. The monetary value of natural stuffs such as maize and wheat fluctuate with the economic system. We will write a custom essay sample on Swot Analysis of McDonald’s Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Rising cost in stuffs. in bend cost the company more. Fluctuating operating and net net incomes from 2007-2009 ranged from 3. 870. 000 in 2007 and 6. 841. 000 in 2009 for their operating disbursal. A big addition in expense cut net incomes ( McDonalds. com. p. 10 ) . Net income for the same old ages was 2. 395. 000 – 4. 551. 000 in 2009 ( McDonalds. com. p. 10 ) . Next we look at chances. Many new merchandises are being added to McDonald’s bill of fare every twelvemonth. [ McDonalds continue to put to death our four growing platforms of breakfast. convience. nucleus bill of fare and value. Comparable gross revenues rose 3. 4 % chiefly due to the on-going impulse of our concern in Australia where multiple enterprises environing menu assortment include the launch of the premium Angus Og Burger. greater convience and staying farther strengthened our trade name relevancy ] ( McDonalds. com. p. 10 ) . Bing able to maintain monetary values down for the clients improved McDonald’s net income border to 30. 1 % in 2009 ( McDonalds. com. p. 10 ) . Last the option of allergen free nutrient points such as. gluten free and insignificant free is a great chance for McDonald’s. It open the chance to derive more clients to increase gross. Last are menaces that McDonald’s have to postulate with. First the consciousness of eating wonts have cut down on people purchasing Burger and french friess. Peoples have become more cognizant of their eating wonts and seek to cut the fats out of their diets. The fleshiness rate in the US grows every twenty-four hours. Second. many new eating houses opening up with low cost. besides offering value menu’s can endanger gross. Third. taint of nutrient such as E Coli would close down concern and as word of oral cavity traveled. people would hold a fright of acquiring ill. They would hold to do certain safety safeguards were followed to forestall this from go oning. Assurance of Learning Exercise 1B 1. Buying competitors’ refuse – E. L2. Dissecting competitors’ merchandises – U. L3. Taking competitors’ works tours anonymously – L. U4. Counting tractor-trailer trucks go forthing competitors’ lading bays – E. L 5. Analyzing aerial exposure of competitors’ installations – E. L 6. Analyzing competitors’ labour contracts – E. L7. Analyzing competitors’ help-wanted ads – E. L8. Quizing clients and purchasers about the gross revenues of competitors’ merchandises – E. L 9. Infiltrating customers’ and competitors’ concern operations – U. I 10. Quizing providers about competitors’ degree of fabricating – E. L 11. Using clients to purchase out bogus commands – U. I 12. Promoting cardinal clients to uncover competitory information – U. L 13. Quizing competitors’ former employees – U. L14. Interviewing advisers who may hold worked with rivals – U. L 15. Hiring cardinal directors off from rivals – U. L16. Conducting bogus occupation interviews to acquire competitors’ employees to uncover information – U. I 17. Sending applied scientists to merchandise meetings to test competitors’ proficient employees – U. L 18. Quizing possible employees who worked for or with rivals – U. L Assurance of Learning Exercise 1B. ( Steps 1-2 )External Opportunities External Threats 1. Internet Coursea 1. Competing Universities2. Technology in the DLP 2. Other on line classs3. Expand Students spiritualty 3. Federal Support4. School Of Law opening 4. Competition for pupils5. More big pupils come ining college 5. Not plenty degree seeking pupils Internal StrengthsInternal Failings1. Faculty 1. Expanding cultural diverseness of pupils 2. Curriculum 2. Necessitate to to the full integrate engineering 3. Convenient Class agendas 3. Affordability4. Campus Infrastructure 4. Student Recruitment5. Technology 5. Competitive Faculty Wages Assurance of Learning Exercise 1D. ( Step 1-2 ) The website ceoexperess. com has many tools and links to supply up to day of the month and past information on concerns. I feel that the subdivision of this web site that would assist me the most for this category would be the company research subdivision. This subdivision has industry specific hunts. Strategic Management besides deals with study. so the one-year studies subdivision would come in ready to hand. There are many more subdivisions to the company research subdivision that gives a battalion of information. All of this information would be good to my category. I could travel tone site and execute my hunts on a dependable web site. The Standard A ; Poor’s evaluation services is besides in this subdivision. This subdivision would let one to entree corporate services such as recognition evaluations. counter party recognition evaluation and bank loan and recovery evaluation. Research needs to be dependable and this web site is really dependable on company information. There is besides a tip subdivision that has tips on mentioning beginnings. In this subdivision it gives you entree to APA and MLA manners and plagiarism. Becoming aware of the regulations of authorship will maintain your documents your and give recognition to those who deserve the recognition. The different subdivisions have so much information available. The trade subdivision is besides on this site. This would let one to maintain up to day of the month on the trade market. The company research subdivision in bend would supply one with the information that one needs to compose their documents. Ceoexpress webite is non merely and deep well of information. that information is besides dependable. Strategic Management is a really ambitious category. and reading studies from this site gives you a full scope of what the company you are researching is all approximately. This information is updated as information comes in. So you ever have current informations. Mention ( 2009 ) . McDonalds Annual study. Mcdonalds. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. aboutmcdonalds. com/content/dam/AboutMcDonalds/Investors/C- % 5Cfakepath % 5Cinvestors-2009-annual-report. pdf

Sustainability in Slums

Sustainability in Slums Introduction Sustainable development is one of the core strategies of development adopted by many countries across the world. Although this awareness has reached to that level currently, sustainability was not considered profoundly in the past.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Sustainability in Slums specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the past, people focused on development without considering other crucial aspects such as environmental awareness, sociology and humanity. The introduction of sustainability closed that gap by developing initiatives which integrate the three aspects. In the modern world, governments are dedicating their efforts towards sustainable development in sectors such as real estate management, infrastructural development and health issues. In essence, they focused profoundly on real estate since it was one of the vital sectors of economic development. However, the authorities face many challeng es since the population is increasing progressively leading to high demand of rental houses. As a result, slums have emerged in many parts of the world posing social and environmental threats. In fact, slums have affected many countries such as the UK, the USA, India, China and most countries in Africa. This shows that the emergence of slums should be treated as a global issue demanding a sustainable approach. Therefore, this paper will focus on how the policies of sustainability could be applied to solve challenges posed by the emergence of slums. Development of Sustainability Agenda in Real Estates Slums contravene the ideologies of sustainable development in many ways. The life that people experience in slums is barely sustainable in consideration of aspects such as economy, health and environmental awareness.Advertising Looking for report on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This implies that the concerned authorities must act swiftly in order to develop the sustainability agenda in the slums. In this light, the development of this agenda should adhere to the five principles of sustainability. Environmental Limits The first principle states that people must live within the environmental limits. This implies that human activities must be conducted in a manner that does not contravene with environmental awareness. For example, people use poor construction materials when they are building houses in the slums. These materials that include polythene papers, rotted iron sheets, and grass roofing destroy environmental fitness. Polythene papers are destroyed easily leading to a fast rate of disposal that results in piling up of waste materials. In addition, since the polythene papers are unrecyclable, people opt to burn the materials in order to dispose them. This leads to the production of green house gases such as carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide, and carbon monoxide which dep lete the ozone layer (Amlinger Peyr 2008). In fact, the government of the UK has become very strict in regard to the production of green house gases because their ozone layer is threatened. These sentiments imply that the development of sustainability agenda must be conducted in line with environmental limits. Healthy Society The second principle of sustainable development suggests that development must focus on creating a healthy society. In other words, development cannot be realised when the society is unhealthy.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Sustainability in Slums specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This implies that development of sustainable agenda in slums must purport good health among the residents. This introduces the aspect of purporting development that focuses on people’s satisfaction. This development does not concentrate on building prestigious houses or infrastructure alone. Instead, it conc entrates on satisfying the needs of people. In this regard, it reduces morbidity, purports good health, and strengthens people’s relationships within their residences. Failure to purport these aspects could prevent the realisation of development. Moreover, development should neither isolate humanity nor compromise the needs of human beings. Sustainable Economy The third principle states that the agenda of sustainability should support the development of sustainable economy. In a sustainable economy, economic development should neither compromise human sociology nor environmental fitness. On the other hand, environmental awareness and human sociology should not compromise economic development. This implies that the agents of sustainable development must balance between the two aspects so that human sociology is achieved along with economic progress (Kotchen 2006). This balance could be achieved by applying initiatives such as green economy, renewable energy and green architect ure (Aarons 2007).Advertising Looking for report on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More While developing this agenda, the agents of sustainability should focus on purporting the economy that does not compromise human sociology and environment (Seibold-Bultmann 2007). For instance, it is hypothesised that most women in the slums get their income from immoral behaviours such as prostitution (Abuya Onsomu 2012). On the other hand, young men indulge in acts of crime which include stealing, killing and hijacking. The sustainability agenda must aim at eliminating these vices and introducing moral ways of earning money in order to improve human sociology. Good Governance The fourth principle is about the promotion of good governance (Clark 2006). According to the principle, development must incorporate good governance that considers sociology, environmental awareness and economic development (Bai 2011). Since the government is a key player in the enactment of policies, a country without good governance can hardly develop the sustainability agenda (Bai 2011). This implies tha t the agents of sustainability must transform the ideologies of governance in order to curb the emergence of slums. For instance, Kenya has invested in a modern real estate project known as the Konza City in Machakos County. During the launch of this project, the government spokesman warned the people of Machakos about building small houses around the city because they could form the slums. In the same light, the government has initiated a project to upgrade a famous slum called Kibera (Barcott 2000). This implies that the sustainability agenda is initiated by good governance. Scientific Evidence The last principle that is pertinent to sustainability agenda relates to the use of scientific approach in sustainability. It states that sustainable development should be based on strong scientific evidence (Earleywine 2002). In this light, decisions on whether or not to implement a policy should be inspired by strong scientific evidence. This implies that decisions should not be based on myths, misdirected theories and speculations. A detailed scientific evaluation should be conducted before introducing any policy or building any infrastructure. This ideology is evident in the real estate sector where scientific evidence is required in order to determine the appropriateness of using some building materials. For instance, the government of the USA conducts profound research in order to determine the appropriateness of paints supplied by foreign manufacturers. This undertaking helps the country to avoid harmful paints that could cause health problems. In this regard, some paints have been prohibited because they contain ingredients that release bad odour in houses (Cacace Schmid 2008). Equally, the development of sustainability agenda in the slums should follow this principle. All the relevant policies must be consistent with scientific ideologies which purport their application. Otherwise, policies based on mere speculation, taboos, and myths might lead to the loss of profitable opportunities. Initiatives and Forums In order to develop sustainability in real estate management, involved agents should create effective initiatives to mobilise people towards establishing sustainable real estates. Recently, the UN has been convening conferences on environmental sustainability, green economy and climate change. However, very few conferences have been organised to focus on real estates. In this regard, the concerned bodies should organise conferences that focus on aspects such as green architecture, sewage disposal and sewage treatment. These initiatives could help in mobilising people against poor real estate management. In fact, real estate is a sector that cannot be ignored if we have to realise sustainable development. Particularly, these conferences should concentrate on the emerging issues such as emergence of the slums. In this light, the drivers of sustainability should treat the emergence of the slums as a crucial and global concern. Emergen ce of slums is a threat to sociology, health, environment and economic advancement. Consequently, it is a problem for the whole world. It must be discussed and curbed globally. Policy Initiatives Health Policies Health policies were stipulated to provide standard requirement for the establishment of a real estate. Also, it stipulates the procedures followed during the establishment of real estates and ensures good health. In addition, the health policies articulate the required maintenance practices that purport good health. For instance, health policies from most countries require the real estate managers to provide sanitation facilities for the people who live in the estates. These facilities ensuring good health include latrines, bathrooms and urinals. They ensure that people living in real estate dispose their waste materials in a healthy manner. In developed countries, these requirements are too obvious to be included in national policies. However, critical problems are experie nced in regard to the provision of basic facilities in some regions such as India and most of the African countries (Jha Rao 2007). The facilities are managed poorly leading to flooded bathrooms, blocked latrines and unclean urinal. The poor management of facilities leads to formation of bleeding areas for anopheles mosquitoes which cause malaria. This situation is more evident within the slums than in other place. Due to the high number of people in the slums, the facilities are owned and used communally. One latrine is used by a large number of people. For example, 30 people use one latrine in the Kibera slums (Schwartz 2002). This is a great threat to the health of residents (Gulis 2004). The main problem conjoined to this policy is failure to implement it in accordance with the ideologies. In most cases, authorities neglect the full implementation of this policy. Policies on Construction Materials Construction materials are vital factors that should be considered while focusing on sustainability (Laquatra Syal 2008). In this light, materials relate to sustainability owing to aspects such as cost, environmental impact and health. The cost of obtaining some materials is very high leading to economic impacts. On the other hand, natural resources are depleted by use of some materials such as timbers (Prasad, 1994). Other materials are harmful to the health of residents implying that they should be prohibited. Some of these harmful materials include paints and iron sheets among others. Governing authorities stipulate policies which take control of construction materials. For example, the American government prohibited the use of indigenous trees from the Amazon forest in order to protect that ecosystem. In other countries, the relevant authorities restricted the usage of some trees which are endangered. In the same light, some synthetic materials are prohibited to avoid poor health and environmental pollution. For example, some paints containing harmful ingre dients have been banned in the USA (Cacace Schmid 2008). In addition, the Kenyan government has banned the usage of iron sheets to construct walls since they can cause injuries. Sewage and Disposal Policies Most authorities have stipulated very stringent policies concerning the disposal of waste materials coming from the real estate. It is known that waste materials are a significant source of diseases and bad odour. As a result, the disposal of sewage cannot be ignored when focusing on sustainable real estates. An authority that aspires to attain sustainable estates cannot let sewage materials run on the surface and cause diseases. As a result, most countries around the world have provided clear instructions concerning the disposal. In Kenya, the health officers cannot license an estate that does not have disposal hole of approximately 2000 cubic meters. It also requires a well maintained network of sewage conveyance pipes which dispose the waste materials. The pipes should be str ong enough to avoid bursting that could release the waste materials. Policies on Provision of Technological Facilities Modern sustainability indicators suggest that sustainable real estate should be equipped technologically. Although this ideology might be unrealistic in the developing countries, developed countries have put advanced policies concerning the provision of facilities such as electricity, internet connection and DSTV connection. The provision of these facilities ensures that people are connected to technology since it is growing at a very fast rate. This is one of the upcoming aspects of sustainable development. However, the ideology is not essentially new considering the foundation of sustainable development. In this regard, sustainable development is about developing people in accordance to the world’s progress. People must develop in accordance to their environments because the development should be directed to people’s needs. Therefore, it is unsustain able for the people to live in a world advanced technologically without having the knowledge. As a result, the policy that purports the provision of these facilities is correlated to sustainability. However, this policy is not crucial to the basic ideologies of sustainability. It is only fundamental to the few developed countries. This implies that the policy will become applicable to the developing countries only when they attain high economic advancement. Occupancy Policies Congestion of people in real estate is another aspect that could impact the sociology of people. In this regard, congestion reduces privacy that is vital to human beings. In addition, it increases competition for resources owing to insufficiency of available facilities. As a result, the quality of these facilities reduces due to the poor usage and incapability to control the residents. The level of crime increases owing to inability of catering for basic needs. As a result, controlling the number of occupants i n a single house could be helpful in order to avoid congestion and other associated vices. As a result, governments depict policies that control occupancy so that a single room can hold a specified number of people. Although the implementation of the policy is quite difficult, it is developed with the intentions of curbing congestion. In places where people embrace policies willingly, it has helped them to minimise the spread of contagious diseases, control the level of crime and reduce poverty (Bressey 2008). In Kenya, a single room is supposed to hold an average of five people. This is the recommended size of a single family in Kenya. This number changes in accordance to the policies of the country which are guided by size of its population. However, the respective authorities recommend the maximum number according to scientific research. This implies that obeying the policy could lead to financial, sociological, and environmental benefits. House Spacing Policy Spacing is another policy that determines the establishment of real estates. This policy aims at reducing congestion and competition for space. In this case, some authorities specify the number of houses that should be built in an acre of land. This policy helps in controlling the number of people who can live in an area. In addition, it ensures that the owner do not compromise the freedom of residents in order to satisfy his/her financial needs. The houses must be constructed in accordance with the specified spacing to create enough space for tenants. The implementation of this policy is barely evident in the slums. Houses are built in a congested manner. People live in very small spaced houses that do not meet the needs of human life. As a result, people living cannot realise sustainability if that policy is not considered and implemented. Problem in Real Estate Management In most countries, the cost of rental house is very high as compared to the opportunities that the country provides to the citiz ens (Gallin 2004). This cost has been increasing for the last five years in most parts of the world. For example, the rental cost has been increasing progressively for the last four years in England as shown in figure 1. Figure 1: The cost trends for rental houses. This trend has rendered many citizens incapable of affording reputable rental houses for accommodation. As a result, they look for cheaper ways of surviving since they cannot afford good accommodation. This leads to the emergences of the slums which pose severe threats to human sociology, environmentalism and economic development. This trend is evident in many parts of the world including developed and developing countries. The following pictures show the existence of the slums in different parts of the world. Figure 2: This shows the existence of the slums in the United Kingdom. The slums have poor housing facilities, waste material lying all over the ground and sewage components running on the surface. The houses are congested showing signs of poor interaction among people and the freedom of movement. In the pictures, there are no signs of electricity supply in these slums implying that provision of essential facilities is impaired. The residences are completely unsustainable owing to environmental degradation and congestion of houses. Figure 3: Kibera slums in Kenya. Figure 4: An image showing the slums in India. Figure 5: An image showing the condition of the slums in the USA. The four images show that slums exist in almost all parts of the world implying that this is a global issue. However, the condition of slums in developed countries is relatively better than the one in developing countries. Besides, the slums portray similar characteristic such as existence of dirty water pools, flowing sewage materials and congestion of houses. The agents of sustainability should focus on the emergence of the slums due to high rental prices in order to create a sustainable economy. Although there are other vices conjoined to the emergence of slums, they cannot be deducted from the above visual representations. However, it is proven that slums are centres of criminal activities and poverty (Moreno 2003). Women practice prostitution in order to get food and other basic things. These aspects contravene with the ideologies of sustainable development as defined by UNESCO (Moreno 2003). In this light, it should be understood that moral behaviours are components of sustainable development. The question that the agent of sustainable development should answer is one that inquires into the solutions to this problem. What can we do to eliminate the threats posed by existence of the slums globally? Solutions to Different Context It cannot be disputed that the slums develop different problems in economic, social, and environmental contexts. In this regard, mere identification of a problem does not change the prevalent situation. However, the identification is a first step involved in the process of solving the entire problem. What are the solutions for the identified problem? Application of Sustainability to Health Context One of the most crucial indicators of sustainability is a healthy society. In this light, World Health Organisation (WHO) suggested that a community is not developed sustainably in case it has not attained the basic health standard (Sclar Garau 2005). This implies that the community must apply strategies purporting good health. In addition, the organisation stated that a group whose rate of morbidity and mortality is higher than the average national level is not developed sustainably. In this regard, the slums are below the average rate of morbidity and mortality in the respective countries. In order to curb poor health, various strategies could be applied. First, the concerned authorities should ensure that the people living in slums are provided with clean water for consumption and use. According to WHO, water holds 76 percent of all microorga nisms that cause diseases (Waitzkin 2003). For example, researchers have established that dirty water is a habitat for infectious microorganisms such as amoeba and fungi. When people consume this water, they are infected with dangerous diseases such amoebic dysentery and typhoid (Waitzkin 2003). This implies that provision of clean water for consumption could curb the spread of these diseases. In addition, pools of dirty water are the bleeding ground for mosquitoes which cause malaria. As a result, sustainable approach suggests that the disposal of such water could help in controlling malaria (Waitzkin 2003). While conducting these activities, it should be understood that malaria is one of the most significant threats in the tropical countries which have relatively high temperatures. This implies that the control of malaria is both an initiative and a demand. Additionally, a collection of polythene papers and polyvinyl chloride material is another measure that purports good health. Equally, they form the bleeding ground for mosquitoes causing malaria. In addition, some of the polyvinyl chloride materials are capable of causing injuries to the body. As a result, disposing these materials helps in controlling poor health. Another sustainable approach towards purporting good health is the disposal and treatment of sewage. In this light, theories of sustainability state that sewage disposal and treatment are mandatory. Furthermore, it points out that the two undertakings must be conducted in order to realise good health in real estate. This implies that the authorities cannot fulfil one of the activities and expect good health. Instead, sewage material must be disposed and treated accordingly. Lastly, the provision of sufficient sanitation facilities in the slums is very crucial. In this light, insufficient facilities lead to the competition and mismanagement which cause blockages. These blockages lead to contamination of water and food. In some instances, the lac k of these facilities leads to severe health problems. Application of Sustainability to Congestion The principles of sustainability suggest that people should have the freedom to interact. It also points out that people should have their own privacy. However, the slums contravene with these requirements causing severe congestion due to the lack of enough housing and spacing. In order to curb congestion, the involved authorities should seek to upgrade the slums. In this regard, sustainable development does not advocate for elimination of the slums. The elimination of the slums could lead to dramatic interference with the life of the residents. In this case, changing the people’s location could lead to introduction of new environments that are strange to them. It is, therefore, prudent to upgrade the slums rather than eliminating them. While upgrading the slums, the most important factors that should be considered include spacing, construction materials and number of people (Ni zami 2008). The authorities should follow the spacing policies completely. Each house should be given the right space. It should have a sufficient space for playground where children can interact and play. As a result, the congestion of houses will be eliminated along with people’s congestion (Nizami 2008). If the number of people is too high to reduce, they should be relocated to other places. However, this should apply as the last option. In regard to building materials, iron sheets are dangerous construction materials. They can cause injuries to people especially when they are used as walls. As a result, the authorities should consider using materials that are much reputable and safe. The process of upgrading requires them to reconstruct the houses allowing re-evaluation of spacing. Application of Sustainability to Crime and Immorality Sustainability suggests that the surest way of solving problems is focusing on the causative agents rather than symptoms. In the recent str ategies, most governmental officials deployed many police officers in order to maintain security in the slums. However, this is a strategy that concentrates on the symptoms of insecurity and prostitution. The true solution to the insecurity, immorality, and entire crime is improving the residents’ financial capabilities. In this regard, it is important to understand that people indulge in crime in order to get money for food and other basic needs (Sahariah Coakley 2007). When the government provides opportunities for these residents, they withdraw from crime to engage in constructive businesses. This will become a benefit for both the slum residents and the entire country. Another critical measure that is pertinent to elimination of congestion is building public houses. In this case, slums emerge due to the high cost of rentals as discussed in this report. However, most of the rental houses are owned by private businessmen and merchants. These businessmen are responsible for escalating the accommodation prices. If the government builds public houses that can be rented to people, few citizens will seek for survival in the slums. The government will easily control the prices of public houses and make them affordable. As a result, the authorities will manage to reduce the number of the slums and congestion in the country. Conclusion It is evident that real estate management is a fundamental concern of sustainable development. The cost and insufficiency of rental houses has led to the emergence of the slums globally. These slums have posed great challenges to economic, sociological, and health spheres. The challenges such as poverty, congestion, and diseases should be solved globally by applying sustainable approaches and strategies. In addition, it cannot be disputed that these solutions must focus on the real problems that accompany the emergence of the slums rather than the symptoms. Importantly, the governing authorities must concentrate on providing c lean water, upgrading the slums and providing good sewage system. Lastly, the agents of development must seek the enforcement of policies purporting sustainable development. Reflective Statement This study has provided new knowledge on the existence of the slums in the global autonomy. It has been misconceived that the slums exist in the developing countries only. However, it is evident that the slums exist in developed countries such as the USA and the UK. This implies that the slums have become a global issue that needs a global approach. In addition, it has proved that the ideologies of sustainability can be applied to real estate management. However, it is evident that further studies should be conducted concerning the actual course of action that could be applied along with the involved challenges. References Aarons, R 2007, Green Building, Local Economy, vol. 22. no. 1, pp. 92-97. Abuya, B Onsomu, E 2012, Educational Challenges And Diminishing Family Safety Net Faced By High- school Girls In A Nairobi Slum Residence, International Journal of Educational Development, vol. 32. no. 1, pp. 81-91. Amlinger, F Peyr, S 2008, Green House Gas Emissions From Composting And Mechanical Biological Treatment, Waste Management Research, vol. 26. no. 1, pp. 47-60. Bai, P 2011, Governance Models, Income Distribution and Sustainable Development, Advanced Materials Research, vol. 204. no. 1, pp. 1910-1914. Barcott, R 2000, The Kibera Slum and NGOs Help, Anthropology News, vol. 41. no. 9, pp. 13. Bressey, C 2008, Down But Not Out: The Politics Of The East End Poor And Those Who Investigated Lives in slums, Journal of Urban History, vol. 34. no. 4, pp. 688-694. Cacace, M Schmid, A 2008, The Healthcare Policies Of The USA And Canada: On Divergent Paths, Social Policy Administration, vol. 42. no. 4, pp. 396-417. Clark, W 2006, Editorial, Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development, vol. 48. no. 2, pp. 2. Earleywine, M 2002, Understanding science: a new look at the scientific evidence, Oxford University Press, Oxford. Gallin, J 2004, The long-run relationship between house prices and rents, Divisions of Research Statistics, Washington, D.C. Gulis, G 2004, Health Status Of People Of Slums In Nairobi, Environmental Research, vol. 96. no. 2, pp. 219-227. Jha, S Rao, V 2007, Governance In The Gullies: Democratic Responsiveness And Leadership In Delhi Slums, World Development, vol. 35. no. 2, pp. 230-246. Kotchen, M 2006, Green Markets And Private Provision Of Public Goods, Journal of Political Economy, vol. 114. no. 4, pp. 816-834. Laquatra, J Syal, M 2008, Green And Healthy Housing, Journal of Architectural Engineering, vol. 14. no. 4, pp. 94. Moreno, E 2003, Slums of the world: the face of urban poverty in the new millennium: monitoring the millennium development goal, target 11world-wide slum dweller estimation, Kenya Focus Publisher, Nairobi. Nizami, S 2008, Rehabilitation of slums in urban areas: challenges and experiences, Icfai U niversity Press, Hyderabad. Prasad, K 1994, Editorial, Energy for Sustainable Development, vol. 1. no. 2, pp. 3-4. Sahariah, S Coakley, P 2007, Challenges Of A Food-based Field Intervention Trial For Women In Mumbai Slums: The Mumbai Maternal Nutrition Project, Early Human Development, vol. 83. no. 1, pp. 62-63. Schwartz, R 2002, Participatory Developments in East Africas Largest Slum, Anthropology News, vol. 43. no. 3, pp. 22-24. Sclar, E Garau, P 2005, The 21st Century Health Challenge of Slums And Cities, The Lancet, vol. 365. no. 9462, pp. 901-903. Seibold-Bultmann, U 2007, What does Sustainability Look Like? Green Architecture as an Aesthetic Proposition, Interdisciplinary Science Reviews, vol. 32. no. 1, pp. 3-6. Waitzkin, H 2003, Report of the WHO Commission on Macroeconomics and Health: A Summary And Critique, The Lancet, vol. 361. no. 9356, pp. 523-526.

Mesencephalon (Midbrain) Function and Structures

Mesencephalon (Midbrain) Function and Structures The mesencephalon or midbrain is the portion of the brainstem that connects the hindbrain and the forebrain. A number of nerve tracts run through the midbrain that connect the cerebrum with the cerebellum and other hindbrain structures. A major function of the midbrain is to aid in movement as well as visual and auditory processing. Damage to certain areas of the mesencephalon have been linked to the development of Parkinsons disease. Function: Functions of the mesencephalon include: Controlling Responses to SightEye MovementPupil DilationRegulate Muscle MovementHearing Location: The mesencephalon is the most rostral portion of the brainstem. It is located between the forebrain and the hindbrain. Structures: A number of structures are located in the mesencephalon including the tectum, tegmentum, cerebral peduncle, substantia nigra, crus cerebri, and cranial nerves (oculomotor and trochlear). The tectum consists of rounded bulges called colliculi that are involved in vision and hearing processes. The cerebral peduncle is a bundle of nerve fibers that connect the forebrain and hindbrain. The  cerebral peduncle includes the tegementum (forms the base of the midbrain) and the crus cerebri (nerve tracts that that connect the cerebrum with the cerebellum). The substantia nigra has nerve connections with the frontal lobes and other areas of the brain involved in motor function. Cells in the substantia nigra also produce dopamine, a chemical messenger that helps to coordinate muscle movement. Disease: Neurodegeneration of nerve cells in the substantia nigra results in a drop off of dopamine production. Significant loss in dopamine levels (60-80%) may result in the development of Parkinsons disease. Parkinsons disease is a nervous system disorder that results in the loss of motor control and coordination. Symptoms include tremors, slowness of movement, muscle stiffness, and trouble with balance. More Mesencephalon Information: Grays Anatomy: Midbrain Divisions of the Brain Forebrain - encompasses the cerebral cortex and brain lobes.Midbrain - connects the forebrain to the hindbrain.Hindbrain - regulates autonomic functions and coordinates movement.

Business strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Business strategy - Essay Example Initially, Microsoft used a functional structure in which the workforce would be categorized into departments that suit individual professional specialization. As the company grew, the functional structure could no longer apply. In the current divisional structure, the company has diverse departments with each unit tasked with handling specific lines of operations. Corporate culture includes the shared beliefs, ideas, values, traditions and behavior patterns that give an entity a unique identity. Microsoft Corporation was founded on values and principles held dearly by its pioneer, Bill Gates. Gates believed that starting up a computer company that would enlighten the world and avail technology to everyone was a noble idea. Currently, the company subscribes to market culture in which immense focus is placed on customers. The company seeks to efficiently and diligently carry out its tasks to meet the demands of its global customer base (King and Lawley, 98). One of the major reasons Microsoft has grown steadily in the information technology industry is the marketing strategies it has employed over the years. The company has utilized platforms such as the internet, retail outlets and other resellers to meet the targeted global market. Microsoft also has a highly experienced legal team; an aspect that has worked to its advantage. For example, the Enterprise Agreement Direct Advisors (EDA) is one of those that have significantly improved Microsoft’s marketing outcomes. Consequently, the stable financial situation at Microsoft is the cornerstone of its developmental process. Recently, the company announced revenue of over USD26 billion. There are periods when these figures shoot up to USD70 billion. It also prioritizes on its investments, and this has rightfully earned the company huge revenues. The nature of competition evident in the IT industry requires constant research and

Chemistry Experiments Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Chemistry Experiments - Lab Report Example This methodology is widely use to determine concentration of various metal ion like Cu, Al, sulphide etc. being highly sensitive and accurate methods precautions should be taken while performing estimations. some of them are as follows. Copper iodide forms week complex with molecular iodine (I2), which slowly leach out and gives re-coloration to the solution after discoloration. Avoid that potassium thiocynate can be added to the system. Proper observation of discoloration must be taken and any modification in it leads to differential endpoint and hence final result. White bright tiles or any white paper can be kept below flask to distinguish different coloration and end point. There is slight difference in obtained results and actual values as there are chances (Mary Ann Varanka-Martin) (WKU website) (MHS Chemistry ) of error and limitation of procedure leads this difference. Both experiments gives Idea of water contain in hydrated Cuso4 crystal and make us understand how water plays important role in crystallization. Slight modification in above mention experiments give us more information about thermodynamics of crystallization and how different lows of physics and chemistry applies to crystallization process For example if we estimate the water evaporated during heating by obtaining condensate of it, gives clear cut idea of law of mass conservation and also validate results by one more means. Similarly estimation of heat generated during rehydration of CuSo4 gives idea of law of energy conservation and make us understand how energy get disappears in form of

Process Design Matrix and Summary Essay Example for Free

Process Design Matrix and Summary Essay This process design matrix and executive summary will focus on Chapman Tool and Manufacturing and there performance measurement process. This executive summary is needed for Chapman Manufacturing due to their lack of process performance management that will include service approaches, that consist of production line, self-service, and personal attention approaches. This summary will also cover product approaches for their process performance measurements that consist of, batch assembly line and continuous flow approaches. This executive summary of process performance measurement will quantitatively tell Chapman Manufacturing something important about their products, services, and any of the processes that produce them. To conclude this summary, this tool will help Chapman Manufacturing understand, manage, and improve the company’s processes. To begin, the first service approach for Chapman’s process performance management consist of production line approach to improve the company’s performance efficiently and effectively. â€Å"Performance management means addressing any and all performance issues, meaning feedback for performance that is not up to par with procedure as well as praising employees for a job well done.† (Mayhew, R. 2013) Chapman starts with each employee receiving their performance file that includes their consistency, effectiveness, and efficiency for their progress for success and promotions. These performance measurements, that includes their 10-15 machines of production line approaches. There will be a selection on running their machine to run perfect parts or to make changes but this way they have it recorded and make the changes as needed. The second service approach for the process performance measurement plan consists of, a self-service approach. Chapman Tool and Manufacturing will be implementing EMC2 consulting services with HR and then management to assure that every activity provides meaningful value. (EMC2, 2013). At Chapman there are a lot  of fragmented processes that can be avoided so financially and human resources are not drained and diminish any chances of keeping up with changing markets and customer demand. There are self-service approaches in this change for the process performance management plan for every employee (machine operators etc†¦) that include, â€Å"Streamline processes to expedite new product introduction, Standardize, integrate, and improve existing processes, Design and implement new processes, Simulate and model processes for operators, Define process metric and performance management strategies.†(EMC2 , 2013). The third service approaches for the process performance management plan consist of personal attention approach. Chapman should implement the personal attention approach that will include specific competencies that will best be determined through a job analysis process. Competencies that will be included in this personal attention job analysis approach will consist of, Accountability and dependability Adaptability and flexibility Advocating causes Analysis and reasoning Attention to detail Business alignment Coaching and mentoring Creative and innovative thinking Customer focus Decision making and judgment All of these competency functions are to determine each employee’s performance file and documented with constructive criticism and praise to becoming successful with and for the company. Chapman also needs to implement product approaches for their process performance management plan. The first product approach that will be implemented is known as a batch approach. A batch approach can be known as a lean manufacturing process also and focus’s on demand-based flow manufacturing. â€Å"This type of production setting, inventory is pulled through each production center when it is  needed to meet production orders; this will deliver the benefits of, Decreased cycle time Less inventory Increased productivity Increased capital equipment utilization.† (Wiki, 2013) The second product approach for Chapman’s process performance management plans consist of, assembly line approach. By Chapman implementing the assembly line approach, will keep all operators on the same page and get product sent to the next department for the assembly of the product being put together. Then finally are sent to the final department to be inspected and shipped. Having different departments for the processes of the product, and having an assembly line approach for each step will keep the company’s organization on line for their performance management. The third product approach for Chapman’s process performance management plans consist of, a continuous flow approach. The continuous flow approach are implemented through the â€Å"lean building blocks†, like, â€Å"Five S: Aims to bring orderliness, tidiness , and cleanliness to operations , Visual controls: All tooling parts and other production activities are kept clearly in view to help eve ryone understand the status of the process at a glance. Poka-Yoke: Mistake Proofing. Process designs can be modified to make it nearly impossible for mistakes, spills, leaks, and other process upsets to occur. By implementing these techniques and others will uphold the continuous flow approach for the process performance management plan for Chapman Manufacturing. In conclusion, the process design matrix and executive summary was focused on Chapman Tool and Manufacturing and what their performance measurement process entailed. The executive summary was needed for Chapman Manufacturing due to their lack of process performance management that was included in these service approaches that consisted of production line, self-service, and personal attention approaches. The summary also covered product approaches for their process performance measurements that consisted of, batch, assembly line, and continuous flow approaches. The executive summary that entailed their process performance measurements will quantitatively tell Chapman Manufacturing something important about their products, services, and any of the processes that  produced them. To conclude this summary, this tool will ensure that Chapman Manufacturing understands, manages, and improves the company’s processes for their future business and profits. References EMC2, (2013). Business process management. Retrieved on January 2, 2013 from http://www.emc.com/consulting-services/application/expertise/business-process-management-bpm.htm Lean Manufacturing (2013). Wikipedia. Retrieved on January 2, 2013 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_manufacturing Mayhew, R. (2013). Development of an employee performance plan. Retrieved on January 3, 2013 from http://smallbusiness.chron.com/development-employee-performance-plan-1942.html

Intangible Assets Essay -- Business, Accounting

INTRODUCTION According to Yale’s School of Management Robert Swieringa (1997), â€Å"We come to an age of technology, information, and global competition with a financial accounting model that was fashioned almost 100 years ago.† That same accounting model continues to evolve today. One area in particular is with accounting for intangible assets. In the business sector, assets are important economic resources and are classified as either tangible or intangible. Tangible assets are easily seen as physical objects that include items such as buildings, machinery, vehicles, and fixtures. Because of their nature, tangible assets are straightforwardly accounted for on financial statements. However, intangible assets cannot be seen and when it comes to accounting for them, a major issue that has plagued the business world for many years is how to recognize and account for them (Hadjiloucas and Winter, 2005). What this says is that the financial statements of one company will look different in another territory using their accounting rules. With that said, this paper will examine how intangible assets are currently viewed and accounted for as well as any changes to the accounting model. INTANGIBLE ASSETS Intangible assets can no longer be overlooked. Eighty percent of the market value of public companies is made up of intangible assets (Osterland, 2001). In fact, the Harvard Management Update (2001) points out that the value of intangible assets, on average, has become three times greater than physical assets. Accounting issues related to intangible assets have always been present, but now these issues are being moved to the forefront. Despite the many years that businesses and regulating bodies have wrangled with the nature of... ... agreed deal. Furthermore, both U.S. GAAP and IFRS expense internally generated assets. IAS 38 differentiates between research and development and all costs pertaining to research are expensed as they are incurred. However, any costs seen during development are only capitalized when a firm demonstrates that certain criteria are met. As a result, according to Hadjiloucase and Winter (2005), after an acquisition any profits under U.S. GAAP take an immediate hit, while profits under IFRS take a few years to smooth over. In comparison, under U.S. GAAP, any costs that are internally generated are not capitalized unless a specific rule requires it. An example of this would be with the development of software. Under U.S. GAAP, software can be distinguished between software that is developed for sale to third parties and software that is developed for internal use.

Hamlet and Horatio in Shakespeare’s “Hamlet” Essay

In Shakespeare’s Hamlet, the main character in the play is brought into a state of melancholy and depression over his father’s death and his mother’s incestuous marriage with his father’s brother. This causes Hamlet to seek counsel in his friendship with Horatio because of his loyalty and good qualities. Other characters in the play are willing to sacrifice their friendship with Hamlet to gain the favour of the new king, Claudius. When Hamlet chases after the ghost of his father, Horatio illustrates the strength of his friendship with Hamlet when he is concerned about his wellbeing. Horatio does not wish that Hamlet’s interest in the ghost will cause him any harm by the supernatural. It is evident that the friendship between the two characters is well established. In addition, Horatio’s resolute swearing of silence about the matter of King Hamlet’s ghost is an indication that he has a close friendship with Hamlet. This is because Horatio desires what is best for Hamlet and does not wish to intervene in whatever actions will follow. It is evident that Hamlet can trust no one in the play with the exception of Horatio. All of the other characters have a stronger allegiance with Claudius, the king, who wishes to exploit any opportunity to get rid of Hamlet. Unlike these other characters, Horatio is extremely loyal to Hamlet and even helps him in identifying Claudius as the murder of his father. Horatio also does not reveal to the Claudius that Hamlet is only feigning madness, which shows his loyalty and Hamlet’s trust in telling him this information. This also demonstrates how highly Horatio values his friendship with Hamlet over his relationship with Claudius. In contrast, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern change their loyal to Claudius to seek prestige, demonstrating that they are not true friends to Hamlet. As a result, Hamlet shows his respect for loyalty when he changes the letter they carry ordering his death to order the deaths of Rosencrantz and Guildenstern. Hamlet values Horatio’s qualities and respects him for his attributes. According to Hamlet, it is because of Horatio’s qualities that Hamlet chooses him as his friend, stating that â€Å", â€Å"Give me that man / That is not passion’s slave, and I will wear him / In my heart’s core, ay, in my heart  of heart, / As I do thee†. Hamlet respects this because Horatio possesses the qualities, such as the balance between reason and action, which Hamlet does not have. If Hamlet had possessed such qualities, he would have been able to revenge his father and kill Claudius, which is the reason for his admiration of Horatio. Horatio is the only character in the play that Hamlet is able to consider a friend that he can trust and confide in. The qualities of Horatio as well as his loyalty are respected by Hamlet while other characters are disloyal and do not have strong morals.

Media Violence: Effects on Youth

Media Violence: Is It Corrupting Our Youth? Ever since the Columbine massacre, there has been many people who blame video games for violence among our youth. In the past few years, it has become normal for all branches of media to depict violence as an everyday thing. Because a vast majority of children watch television or play video games, it is no wonder that adults try to make the connection between the two. Although the media can have an affect on kids, there are also a great many socio-economic factors involved in a child’s behavior. This is the problem our society faces now that some people say the media can influence your psyche, perspective, and overall behavior, but so do your friends, so do your parents, so do your teachers, so do books. The real question is who is to blame? Movies, music, television shows, video games, none of these things actually make people commit crimes. Violence in the media and the real world rise in violence among children is not a cause but merely a coincidence. A person is an accumulation of their real life experiences. Children do not turn into a crazed maniac after playing a computer game or seeing a movie with violence. The easiest place to obtain a mind for violence is from a home setting. Adults want to find an outside source for the growth in violence among children instead of taking the blame first hand. It is the parents, those actually responsible for this corruption, who try to suggest otherwise and negligence on the part of those who seek to find a different cause. Adults seem to steer away from the increasingly true fact that our whole American society is doing this to its younger generation, and not just the media. To prove this, news reports after the Columbine massacre in which two troubled teens go on a murderous rampage, attribute the kids actions to a violent game called â€Å"DOOM†. The media is not the problem, because kids will act violent regardless. This tragedy was a result of a mixture of bad peers, bad home life, and the friendship of two people who had anger problems. The parents would have based their actions off of something else if they did not have games like â€Å"DOOM† to avoid scrutiny. Many times kids have outbursts of odd or dangerous behavior that they know will get them in trouble, but instead of taking the blame, they attribute it to some other source, although in this case, it is the parents and news media who do this. An example of this type of behavior is the circumstances surrounding the famous Salem witchcraft trials, where young girls resorted to blaming their unholy actions solely on another person or the devil. These days, the â€Å"devil made me do it† and â€Å"witchcraft† excuse has lost its credibility. Now people have to find something else to take the blame and what easier target than a violent videogame. It was not DOOM that made these kids do what they did, but a mental instability, a penchant for violent behavior, and other psychological factors that did. Sure, they can model their multiple homicides after their favorite video game or death metal lyric, but in the end, they still killed people because they were mentally unstable and antisocial. I firmly believe a greater fault in issues like these lay with the parents, as they are ones that are supposed to teach their kids right from wrong. Later in the investigation, the attention did finally turn to the parents and what they did wrong, but the bad light that had already been put on those types of media has never vanished. With each of these types of cases, rarely do we ever hear of investigations of how these children were raised or what their environments they grew up in were like. A cause for the rise in violence is the fall in interaction between kids and their parents, which can create mental separation where the child does not feel important. This could cause kids to act out, mainly through violence, to get attention from the adults. Parents need to step up their parenting skills and do what they need to do, instead of pointing fingers at everyone else. If these kids are troubled, anything can trigger violence and misbehavior. We have natural logics that develop to what is right and wrong and what is fact and what is fiction. One of the key factors in this development is the parents and other adults in the child’s life. Adults are more influencing to kids than TV shows and video games, so adults should take responsibility for how the child acts. If parents seriously believe that violent media is doing this to their kids, then they should control what the kids can and cannot be exposed to. There are plenty of examples of how not to behave out there. It is up to each person and/or their parents to decide what is and is not acceptable behavior to emulate and fill his or her head with. At the end of the day, regardless of the outcome, we are responsible for our actions. If a person were to compare violence in youth here in the United States and violence in youth in the rest of the world, the person would see that there is little if any correlation between media and violence. It is the people who raise the kids who corrupt them and not the media. Personal responsibility has been slowly eroded over the last twenty years to a point where people are no longer responsible for being morbidly obese or going on crime sprees and murdering people. Personal responsibility is not only a moral and ethical imperative for society; it is liberating and strengthening for an individual. This type of blame shifting is at the core of what is wrong with society today. People need to stand up, take responsibility, and finally make a change.